Vitamin K intake has been reported as an essential factor for bone formation. The current study was conducted under the hypothesis that insufficient vitamin K intake would affect inflammatory markers and bone mineral density in young adult women. The study was a cross-sectional design that included ...
Vitamin K intake has been reported as an essential factor for bone formation. The current study was conducted under the hypothesis that insufficient vitamin K intake would affect inflammatory markers and bone mineral density in young adult women. The study was a cross-sectional design that included 75 women in their 20s. Physical assessments, bone mineral density measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls, and biochemical assessments for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and percentages of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC) were performed. An analysis of vitamin K nutritional status was performed comparing first, second, and third tertiles of intake based on %ucOC in plasma. Vitamin K intake levels in the first, second, and third tertiles were $94.88{\pm}51.48\;{\mu}g$, $73.85{\pm}45.15\;{\mu}g$, and $62.58{\pm}39.92\;{\mu}g$, respectively (P < 0.05). The T-scores of the first and third tertiles were 1.06 and -0.03, respectively, indicating that bone mineral density was significantly lower in the group with lower vitamin K intake (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for different serum hs-CRP concentrations between the first ($0.04{\pm}0.02$) and third tertiles ($0.11{\pm}0.18$), however this was not statistically significant. Regression analysis was performed to identify the correlations between vitamin K nutritional status, inflammatory markers, and bone mineral density after adjusting for age and BMI. Serum hs-CRP concentrations were positively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). And bone mineral density, which was represented by speed, was negatively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). In conclusion, status of vitamin K affects inflammatory status and bone formation. Therefore, sufficient intake of vitamin K is required to secure peak bone mass in young adult women.
Vitamin K intake has been reported as an essential factor for bone formation. The current study was conducted under the hypothesis that insufficient vitamin K intake would affect inflammatory markers and bone mineral density in young adult women. The study was a cross-sectional design that included 75 women in their 20s. Physical assessments, bone mineral density measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls, and biochemical assessments for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and percentages of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC) were performed. An analysis of vitamin K nutritional status was performed comparing first, second, and third tertiles of intake based on %ucOC in plasma. Vitamin K intake levels in the first, second, and third tertiles were $94.88{\pm}51.48\;{\mu}g$, $73.85{\pm}45.15\;{\mu}g$, and $62.58{\pm}39.92\;{\mu}g$, respectively (P < 0.05). The T-scores of the first and third tertiles were 1.06 and -0.03, respectively, indicating that bone mineral density was significantly lower in the group with lower vitamin K intake (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for different serum hs-CRP concentrations between the first ($0.04{\pm}0.02$) and third tertiles ($0.11{\pm}0.18$), however this was not statistically significant. Regression analysis was performed to identify the correlations between vitamin K nutritional status, inflammatory markers, and bone mineral density after adjusting for age and BMI. Serum hs-CRP concentrations were positively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). And bone mineral density, which was represented by speed, was negatively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). In conclusion, status of vitamin K affects inflammatory status and bone formation. Therefore, sufficient intake of vitamin K is required to secure peak bone mass in young adult women.
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제안 방법
Based on tertiles of %ucOC, the subjects' general characteristics and physical examination findings were analyzed. The results are presented in Table 1.
Bone mineral density was measured by a quantitative ultrasonographic method based on decreased velocity of ultrasound that passes bone tissue. Data such as height, weight, date of birth, sex, and foot size were entered for the measurement of bone mineral density. In terms of body positioning, the knees were bent at a right angle in a sitting position and then the right ankle was measured in such a condition that the calf and foot formed a right angle.
대상 데이터
Of the 86 subjects who submitted a written informed consent, 11 had study data that were incompletely collected. Seventy-five subjects were finally enrolled in the current study.
데이터처리
ANOVA was performed to assess statistical significance depending on %ucOC between the three groups. For an inter-group analysis, a post-hoc analysis was performed with Tukey's test. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess associations between biochemical indicators (serum %ucOC, cholesterol, and triglycerides) and the inflammatory marker hs-CRP, as well as the status of bone mineral density.
이론/모형
Evaluations of food intake were performed via interviews by investigators who had been trained on the 24-hr recall method. To accurately determine food intake, amounts were estimated by eye measurements using food models.
성능/효과
The results are presented in Table 1. Between the three groups, there were no significant difierences in age, height, amount of muscle, amount of body fat, waist to hip ratio, percentage of body fat, or BMI. Mean BMI was measured as 21.
05). Following the calculations of percentages of recommended nutrient intakes, all study subjects were found to have intakes of protein, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin and vitamin Bi that were greater than the recommendations. As compared to the recommendations, however, all the study subjects consumed insufficient amounts of calcium, folic acid, and vitamin C.
The %ucOC was analyzed based on tertiles. In each group, the first, second, and third teritiles of %ucOC were < 19.34%, 19.34-32.01%, and 그 32.01%, respectively.
05). In the group where %ucOC values corresponded to the highest tertiles, Z-scores, OI (Osteoporosis index), and SOS (Speed of sound) were significantly lower as compared to %ucOC values corresponding to the lowest tertiles (P<0.05).
These authom therefore proposed that serum hs-CRP is closely associated with bone metabolism and inflammatory responses, According to a study on correlations between vitamin K and inflammatory responses, there were positive correlations between %ucOC and two inflammatory markers (IL-6 and hs-CRP). Moreover, in the cuirent study following regression analysis, as values of %ucOC indicating vitamin K deficiency increased, concentrations of serum hs-CRP also significantly increased. Became there remains an Sufficient amount of definite dat论 on inflammatoiy mattes and imihanisms associated with vitamin K, further studies are needed.
01). Tertile values of serum hs-CRP showed an increasing tendency as values of %ucOC increased; fee first, second, and third tertiles of serum hs-CRP were 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/dl, 0.07 ± 0.04 mg/dl, and 0.11 ± 0.18 mg/dl, respectively, but these were not statistically significant.
Calorie intake and protein intake were found to be highest in the group where values of %ucOC were lowest. The fest, second, and third tertile values of daily vitamin K intake were measured as 94.88 ± 51.48 Ug, 73.85±45.15 pg, and 62.58±39.92 pg, respectively, and were significantly different (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in intake armunts of nutrients such as iron, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamin Be between the classified gro나ps based on values of %ucOC (P < 0.
03, respectively. These results indicate that T-scores were significantly lower as %ucOC values increased (P< 0.05). In the group where %ucOC values corresponded to the highest tertiles, Z-scores, OI (Osteoporosis index), and SOS (Speed of sound) were significantly lower as compared to %ucOC values corresponding to the lowest tertiles (P<0.
후속연구
Moreover, in the cuirent study following regression analysis, as values of %ucOC indicating vitamin K deficiency increased, concentrations of serum hs-CRP also significantly increased. Became there remains an Sufficient amount of definite dat论 on inflammatoiy mattes and imihanisms associated with vitamin K, further studies are needed.
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