국내 버크셔 돼지에서 성장 및 산자수의 후보유전자로서 PRLR3와 RBP4에 관한 연구 A Study on the Prolactin Receptor 3 (PRLR3) Gene and the Retinol-binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Gene as Candidate Genes for Growth and Litter Size Traits of Berkshire in Korea원문보기
본 연구는 버크셔 품종에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 후보유전자의 두 개의 대립유전자가 산육형질과 번식형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 5,919두의 혈통자료, 3,480두의 산육기록과, 244두의 모돈의 775마리의 산자기록을 이용하여 유전능력 평가를 수행하였다. 유전자형 분석은 144두와 156두에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 유전자의 유전자형을 각각 분석하였다. 평가된 개체들의 육종가를 이용 두 마커의 유전자형 효과와 유의 확률을 추정한 결과 PRLR3 유전자는 번식형질의 총산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.28과 -0.13두의 상가적 효과를 각각 나타내었다. RBP4 유전자는 일당증체량에서 10.58 g의 우성적 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 RBP4 유전자의 다형성은 번식형질의 총 산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.34와 -0.33두의 상가적 유전적 효과를 각각 나타났다. 따라서 PRLR3와 RBP의 B 대립유전자를 선호하는 MAS (Marker Assist Selection) Scheme은 버크셔 품종의 산자수의 개량에 이용 할 수 있을 것이다.
본 연구는 버크셔 품종에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 후보유전자의 두 개의 대립유전자가 산육형질과 번식형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 5,919두의 혈통자료, 3,480두의 산육기록과, 244두의 모돈의 775마리의 산자기록을 이용하여 유전능력 평가를 수행하였다. 유전자형 분석은 144두와 156두에서 PRLR3와 RBP4 유전자의 유전자형을 각각 분석하였다. 평가된 개체들의 육종가를 이용 두 마커의 유전자형 효과와 유의 확률을 추정한 결과 PRLR3 유전자는 번식형질의 총산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.28과 -0.13두의 상가적 효과를 각각 나타내었다. RBP4 유전자는 일당증체량에서 10.58 g의 우성적 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 RBP4 유전자의 다형성은 번식형질의 총 산자수(TBN)와 생존산자수(NBA)에서 -0.34와 -0.33두의 상가적 유전적 효과를 각각 나타났다. 따라서 PRLR3와 RBP의 B 대립유전자를 선호하는 MAS (Marker Assist Selection) Scheme은 버크셔 품종의 산자수의 개량에 이용 할 수 있을 것이다.
Two diallelic markers at candidate gene loci, the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene were evaluated for their association with growth and litter size traits in Berkshire. Genetic evaluation was conducted for 5,919 pigs with pedigree information, which inc...
Two diallelic markers at candidate gene loci, the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene were evaluated for their association with growth and litter size traits in Berkshire. Genetic evaluation was conducted for 5,919 pigs with pedigree information, which included 3,480 growth performance records and 775 litter size records of 224 sows. From the same herd, genotyping was carried out on 144 and 156 animals for PRLR3 and RBP4, respectively. After assigning a genotype to subjects in which both parents had a homozygous genotype, numbers of genotyped animals increased to 474 and 338, for the PRLR3 gene and RBP4 gene, respectively. The genotype effects of two markers were estimated with breeding values of the genotyped animals. The additive effects of total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive in the PRLR3 locus were -0.28 and -0.13, respectively. The dominance effect of the RBP4 locus on average daily gain was -10.58 g. However, the polymorphism of the RBP4 locus in total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive has shown -0.34 and -0.33 of the additive genetic effects. In view of the results, MAS (marker-assisted selection) favoring B alleles of RBP4 and PRLR3 loci could potentially accelerate the rate of the genetic improvement in the litter size traits.
Two diallelic markers at candidate gene loci, the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene were evaluated for their association with growth and litter size traits in Berkshire. Genetic evaluation was conducted for 5,919 pigs with pedigree information, which included 3,480 growth performance records and 775 litter size records of 224 sows. From the same herd, genotyping was carried out on 144 and 156 animals for PRLR3 and RBP4, respectively. After assigning a genotype to subjects in which both parents had a homozygous genotype, numbers of genotyped animals increased to 474 and 338, for the PRLR3 gene and RBP4 gene, respectively. The genotype effects of two markers were estimated with breeding values of the genotyped animals. The additive effects of total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive in the PRLR3 locus were -0.28 and -0.13, respectively. The dominance effect of the RBP4 locus on average daily gain was -10.58 g. However, the polymorphism of the RBP4 locus in total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive has shown -0.34 and -0.33 of the additive genetic effects. In view of the results, MAS (marker-assisted selection) favoring B alleles of RBP4 and PRLR3 loci could potentially accelerate the rate of the genetic improvement in the litter size traits.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
If the reliable information about additive and dominance effects of each marker is available, MAS in conjunction with traditional selection methods could be more effective for improving accuracy, reducing the generation interval, and accelerating the genetic improvement of the traits. The objectives of this study were to obtain genetic information of prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene on litter size and growth traits in Berkshire breed of pigs.
제안 방법
A total of 2 primer sets were analyzed for RFLP genotyping of 2 candidate genes (PRLR3 and RBP4). Amplification of fragments of the Berkshire pigs PRLR3 and RBP4 genes was obtained using the following primer pairs:
For the analyses of all available litter size records from different parities of a sow, the models include parity (FP) of sow and year-month-seasonal classes (FYM) at farrowing as fixed effects. The random effects were genetic effect (A) of the animal and residual effect (E).
이론/모형
Genetic evaluation of litter size and growth traits were carried out using MTDFREML (USDA, 2006). The genotype effects of the markers from genetic effects of animals were estimated by GLM procedure of SAS (2001). Additive genetic effects for the genetic markers were estimated by pair-wise comparison of the two homozygous genotypes, and the dominance effects were calculated as the deviation of the heterozygote effect from the average of the two homozygous genotypes.
성능/효과
Summary statistics for litter size and growth traits are shown in Table 2. The male pigs castrated at birth showed higher average daily gain than other pigs. The average of number of piglets born alive was 7.
The genotype effects of the markers from genetic effects of animals were estimated by GLM procedure of SAS (2001). Additive genetic effects for the genetic markers were estimated by pair-wise comparison of the two homozygous genotypes, and the dominance effects were calculated as the deviation of the heterozygote effect from the average of the two homozygous genotypes.
All effects with respect to PRLR locus on growth traits were economically trivial and insignificant as shown in Table 4. All estimates of AA genotype were not significant partly due to the lack of AA animals. A difference of 0.
Favorable additive effects of the B allele were detected for either litter size or growth traits. The results of the association analyses for growth traits showed significance, but the size of additive effects was economically negligible. Significant differences were found among the three RBP4 genotypes in TBN and NBA.
후속연구
Additive and dominance effects of a candidate gene could be different in other breeds or populations [17]. Even though continuous investigation for candidate genes is necessary, the results in the present study could be utilized for MAS of litter size traits in different breed or Berkshire population in Korea. As more associations between candidate genes and traits are identified, MAS will be more useful tool in the genetic improvement of swine.
It employs biological information of individual genes from other species and selects the genes for the investigation. Once polymorphism is identified in candidate genes, further investigation is carried out to find the relationship of the gene or marker with traits of interest. Using candidate gene analysis, several major genes such as melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) [11] for growth, ryanodine receptor (RYR1) [6], and heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) [7] for meat quality have been identified for their association with economic traits.
참고문헌 (20)
Brief, S. and B. P. Chew. 1985. Effects of vitamin A and ${\beta}$ -carotene on reproductive performance in gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 60, 998-1004.
Do, C. H. 2007. Estimation of growth traits using growth curve in Gyungnam-heugdon (Berkshire). J. Anim. Sci. & Technol. (Kor.) 49, 195-202.
Du, F., A. C. Clutter, and M. M. Lohuis. 2007. Characterizing Linkage Disequilibrium in Pig Populations Int. J. Biol. Sci. 3, 166-178.
Falconer, D. S. 1981. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. pp. 18-20, Longman Scientific and Technical.
Fujii, J., K. Otus, F. Zorzto, S. ED Leon, V. K. Khanna, V. K., Weiler, P. J. O’Brien, and D. H. MacLennan. 1991. Identification of a mutation in porcine ryanodine receptor associated with malignant hyperthermia. Sci. 253, 448-451.
Gerbens, F., A. J. van Erp, F. L. Harders, F. J. Verburg, T. H. Meuwissen, J. H. Veerkamp, and M. F. te Pas. 1999. Effect of genetic variants of the heart fatty acid-binding protein gene on intramuscular fat and performance traits in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 846-852.
Harney, J. P., T. L. Ott, R. D. Geisert, and F. W. Bazer. 1993. Retinolbinding protein gene expression in cyclic and pregnant endometrium of pigs, sheep, and cattle. Biol. Reprod. 49, 1066-1073.
Henderson, C. R. 1973. Sire evaluation and genetic trends. Proceeding of the Animal Breeding and Genetics Symposium in honor of Dr. Jay L. Lush. July 29, 1972, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Isler, B. J., K. M. Ervin, M. F. Rothchild, and G. J. Evans. 2000. Association between the prolactine receptorgene and reproductive components in swine. Proceeding of the 27th International Conference on Animal Genetics, 27, pp. 67, Minneapolis, Etats-Unis.
Kim, K. S., N. Larsen, T. Short, G. Plastow, and M. F. Rothschild. 2000. A missense variant of the porcine melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene is associated with fatness, growth, and feed intake traits. Mann. Genome. 149, 1069-1080.
Mileham, J. and G. S. Plastow. 1997. Effect of the estrogen receptor locus on reproduction and production traits in four commercial pig lines. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 3138-3142.
Pope, W. F. 1994. Embryonic mortality in swine, pp. 53-57, In Zavy, M. T. and R. D. Geisert (eds.), Embryonic Mortality in Domestic Species. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Rothschild, M. F. 1998. Identification of quantitative trait loci and interesting candidate genes in the pig: Progress and prospects. Proceeding of 6th World Congress on Genetic Application of the Livestock Production, Armidale, NSW, Australia. 26, 403-409.
Rothschild, M. F., L. Messer, A. Day, R. Wales, T. Short, O. Southwood, and G. Plastow. 2000. Investigation of the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene as a candidate gene for increased litter size in pigs. Mamm. Genome 11, 75-77.
Santos-Guzman, J., T. Arnhold, H. Nau, C. Wagner, S. H. Fahr, G. E. Mao, M. A. Caudill, J. C. Wang, S. M. Henning, M. E. Swendseid, and M. D. Collins. 2003. Antagonism of hypervitaminosis; An induced anterior neural tube closure defects with a methyl-donor deficiency in murine wholeembryo culture. J. Nutr. 133, 3561-3570.
Short, T. H., M. F. Rothschild, O. I. Southwood, D. G. McLaren, A. de Vries, H van der Steen, G. R. Steen, G. R. Eckhardt, C. K. Tuggle, J. Helm, and D. A. Vaske. 2006. MTGSAM and MTDFREML. http://www.aipl.arsusda.gov/curtvt/.
Varona, L., D. Sorensen, and R. Thompson. 2007. Analysis of Litter Size and Average Litter Weight in Pigs Using a Recursive Model. Genetics 177, 1791-1799.
Vincent, A. L., G. Evans, T. H. Short, O. I. Southwood, G. S. Plastow, C. K. Tuggle, and M. F. Rothschild. 1998. The prolactin receptor gene is associated with increased litter size in pigs. Proceeding of 6th World Congress on Genetic Application of the Livestock Production, Armidale, NSW, Australia. 27, 15-18.
Zhu, M. and S. Zhao. 2007. Candidate Gene Identification Approach: Progress and Challenges. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 3, 420-427.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.