[논문]A Study on Characteristics of Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Subway Station

Kim, Chun-Huem; Yoo, Dong-Chul; Kwon, Young-Min; Han, Woong-Soo; Kim, Gi-Sun; Park, Mi-Jung; Kim, Young-Soon; Choi, Dal-Woong

doi:10.5487/tr.2010.26.2.157

A Study on Characteristics of Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Subway Station 원문보기

Toxicological research, v.26 no.2, 2010년, pp.157 - 162

Kim, Chun-Huem (College of Health Sciences, Korea University) , Yoo, Dong-Chul (College of Health Sciences, Korea University) , Kwon, Young-Min (College of Health Sciences, Korea University) , Han, Woong-Soo (College of Health Sciences, Korea University) , Kim, Gi-Sun (College of Health Sciences, Korea University) , Park, Mi-Jung (College of Health Sciences, Korea University) , Kim, Young-Soon (College of Health Sciences, Korea University) , Choi, Dal-Woong (College of Health Sciences, Korea University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, we investigated the atmospheric heavy metal concentrations in the particulate matter inside the subway stations of Seoul. In particular, we examined the correlation between the heavy metals and studied the effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation. In six selected subway stations in Seoul, particulate matter was captured at the platforms and 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of iron was the highest out of the heavy metals in particulate matter, followed by copper, potassium, calcium, zinc, nickel, sodium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium in that order. The correlation analysis showed that the correlations between the heavy metals was highest in the following order: (Cu vs Zn), (Ca vs Na), (Ca vs Mn), (Ni vs Cr), (Na vs Mn), (Cr vs Cd), (Zn vs Cd), (Cu vs Cd), (Ni vs Cd), (Cu vs Ni), (K vs Zn), (Cu vs K), (Cu vs Cr), (K vs Cd), (Zn vs Cr), (K vs Ni), (Zn vs Ni), (K vs Cr), and (Fe vs Cu). The correlation coefficient between zinc and copper was 0.937, indicating the highest correlation. Copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and cadmium, which are generated from artificial sources in general, showed correlations with many of the other metals and the correlation coefficients were also relatively high. The effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation was also investigated in this study. Cultured cell was exposed to 10 mg/l or 100 mg/l of iron, copper, calcium, zinc, nickel, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium for 24 hours. The cell proliferation in all the heavy metal-treated groups was not inhibited at 10 mg/l of the heavy metal concentration. The only exception to this was with the cadmium-treated group which showed a strong cell proliferation inhibition. This study provides the fundamental data for the understanding of simultaneous heavy metal exposure tendency at the time of particulate matter exposure in subway stations and the identification of heavy metal sources. Moreover, this study can be used as the fundamental data for the cell toxicity study of the subway-oriented heavy metal-containing particulate matter.

주제어

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문제 정의

At present, the risk of subway particulate matter to the living body has not been sufficiently studied. This study provides the fundamental data for the understanding of simultaneous heavy metal exposure tendency during the time of particulate matter exposure in subway stations and the identification of heavy metal sources. Moreover, this study can be used as the fundamental data for the cell toxicity study of heavy metal-containing particulate matter inside subway stations.

제안 방법

Although efforts have been taken to improve the indoor air quality in subway stations, recent fundamental data regarding domestic subway heavy metal particulate matter are lacking. In this study, to obtain the fundamental data for the risk assessment of the subway heavy metal particulate matter to the living body, the heavy metal concentrations in the atmospheric particulate matter in the six subway stations in Seoul were investigated and the correlations between the measured heavy metals were analyzed. The effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation was also investigated.
The correlations between the 11 heavy metals were analyzed by using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient (Table 1). The analysis showed the following correlations between heavy metals in order of the correlation coefficient: ((Cu vs Zn), (Ca vs Na), (Ca vs Mn), (Ni vs Cr), (Na vs Mn), (Cr vs Cd), (Zn vs Cd), (Cu vs Cd), (Ni vs Cd), (Cu vs Ni), (K vs Zn), (Cu vs K), (Cu vs Cr), (K vs Cd), (Zn vs Cr), (K vs Ni), (Zn vs Ni), (K vs Cr) and (Fe vs Cu)). The correlation coefficient between zinc and copper was 0.

대상 데이터

In six selected subway stations in Seoul, particulate matter was captured at the platforms and 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of iron was the highest (average 8.
The heavy metals analysis was carried out with an induced coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. In this study, the following 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed and quantified: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). In addition, the correlations between the heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients.

데이터처리

In this study, the following 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed and quantified: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). In addition, the correlations between the heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients.
Correlations of air heavy metals. The correlations between the 11 heavy metals were analyzed by using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient (Table 1). The analysis showed the following correlations between heavy metals in order of the correlation coefficient: ((Cu vs Zn), (Ca vs Na), (Ca vs Mn), (Ni vs Cr), (Na vs Mn), (Cr vs Cd), (Zn vs Cd), (Cu vs Cd), (Ni vs Cd), (Cu vs Ni), (K vs Zn), (Cu vs K), (Cu vs Cr), (K vs Cd), (Zn vs Cr), (K vs Ni), (Zn vs Ni), (K vs Cr) and (Fe vs Cu)).
05 and marked with “*”. The correlations between the heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients.
The experimental data were analyzed using Student’s t-test.

성능/효과

(2005) report showed that the subway particles were more genotoxic to cultured human lung cell than urban street particles. In the results of our study, cadmium showed the highest cell proliferation inhibition. This showed that cadmium has the potential to cause higher cell toxicity than other heavy metals, though relatively small amount of it exists in the subway stations.

후속연구

Since the major heavy metals had high correlations between their concentrations, it is probable that at least some heavy metals may be from the same pollution sources such as subway materials, subway passengers, and floor. Further studies need to be continued regarding the sources of the atmospheric heavy metal particulate matter. In the future, the cell toxicity of simultaneous exposure to the heavy metals with high correlations should be investigated for the risk assessment of subway atmospheric particulate matter heavy metals.
This study provides the fundamental data for the understanding of simultaneous heavy metal exposure tendency during the time of particulate matter exposure in subway stations and the identification of heavy metal sources. Moreover, this study can be used as the fundamental data for the cell toxicity study of heavy metal-containing particulate matter inside subway stations.

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