Khaleghi, M.
(Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman)
,
Kermanshahi, R. Kasra
(Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University)
,
Zarkesh-Esfahani, S.H.
(Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan)
Evidence shows that probiotic bacteria can undergo substantial structural and morphological changes in response to environmental stresses, including antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of penicillin G (0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/l) on the morphology and adhesion of Lactobacillu...
Evidence shows that probiotic bacteria can undergo substantial structural and morphological changes in response to environmental stresses, including antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of penicillin G (0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/l) on the morphology and adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, including the colony morphotype, biofilm production, hydrophobicity, $H_2_O2$ formation, S-layer structure, and slpA gene expression. Whereas only smooth colonies grew in the presence of penicillin, rough and smooth colony types were observed in the control group. L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 was found to be hydrophobic under normal conditions, yet its hydrophobicity decreased in the presence of the antibiotic. No biofilm was produced by the bacterium, despite testing a variety of different culture conditions; however, treatment with penicillin G (0.015-0.06 mg/l) significantly decreased its production of $H_2_O_2$ formation and altered the S-layer protein structure and slpA gene expression. The S-protein expression decreased with 0.015 mg/l penicillin G, yet increased with 0.03 and 0.06 mg/l penicillin G. In addition, the slpA gene expression decreased in the presence of 0.015 mg/l of the antibiotic. In conclusion, penicillin G was able to alter the S-layer protein production, slpA gene expression, and certain physicochemical properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356.
Evidence shows that probiotic bacteria can undergo substantial structural and morphological changes in response to environmental stresses, including antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of penicillin G (0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/l) on the morphology and adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, including the colony morphotype, biofilm production, hydrophobicity, $H_2_O2$ formation, S-layer structure, and slpA gene expression. Whereas only smooth colonies grew in the presence of penicillin, rough and smooth colony types were observed in the control group. L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 was found to be hydrophobic under normal conditions, yet its hydrophobicity decreased in the presence of the antibiotic. No biofilm was produced by the bacterium, despite testing a variety of different culture conditions; however, treatment with penicillin G (0.015-0.06 mg/l) significantly decreased its production of $H_2_O_2$ formation and altered the S-layer protein structure and slpA gene expression. The S-protein expression decreased with 0.015 mg/l penicillin G, yet increased with 0.03 and 0.06 mg/l penicillin G. In addition, the slpA gene expression decreased in the presence of 0.015 mg/l of the antibiotic. In conclusion, penicillin G was able to alter the S-layer protein production, slpA gene expression, and certain physicochemical properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356.
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제안 방법
aeruginosa, and many of these variants also have biofilm-related phenotypes. Therefore, this study investigated the biofilm formation by L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 using adhesion to glass slides and microtiter plate techniques. The results indicated no biofilm production by L.
To investigate the effect of penicillin G on the H2O2 production by L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, the H2O2 concentration was measured in the medium containing penicillin G and the control medium. The results indicated that the H2O2 concentration was highest in the control medium (Fig.
To study the effect of penicillin G, an MRS broth and MRS agar (Merck, Germany) (pH=6.5) containing 0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/l penicillin G (Jaberebne Hayan Co., Iran) were prepared. MRS broth and agar without penicillin G were used as the control media.
데이터처리
All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and Excel 2003 softwares. All the experimental results were analyzed using mean descriptive statistics, the correlation coefficient, and a single-factorial analysis of variance. A value of P<0.
이론/모형
After isolating the S-protein using 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, the supernatant was dialyzed against distilled water at 4℃ and its protein concentration determined according to Bradford’s method[11].
6. Measurement of isolated S-protein extracted at mid-logphase from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 medium treated or not with increasing concentrations of penicillin G, using the Bradford method.
The MIC of penicillin G was determined using bacterial broth dilution methods according to the method used by Baron and Finegold [4].
To determine the total proteins, the Bradford method was used. The total proteins (extracted during the mid-log phase) were compared between the control and in the presence of penicillin G.
성능/효과
In conclusion, different penicillin G concentrations were found to alter the colony and bacterial morphotype, surface properties, and S-layer protein and slpA gene expressions in L. acidophilus ATCC 3456. However, analyzing the expressions of other genes and the effects of stress proteins that may be involved in response to penicillin stress will also improve current knowledge.
The results indicated that the slpA gene expression only decreased with the low concentration (0.015 mg/l) of penicillin G. However, at the higher concentrations of the antibiotic (0.03 and 0.06 mg/l penicillin G), the slpA gene expression remained at the same level as that in the control group (Fig. 7) (p < 0.003).
The results of the MATH test using xylene indicated that L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 is a hydrophobic bacterium. The hydrophobicity of the bacteria decreased in the presence of penicillin G and reached the lowest level in the presence of a high concentration (0.
Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of the antibiotic penicillin G on the morphotype, colony formation, S-layer production, expression of the slpA gene, and certain other physicochemical characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356.
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