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Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

The objective of this study was to find useful fungi with ${\alpha}$-amylase activity from the Korean traditional nuruk for the quality of traditional Korean alcoholic beverage. In this study, 165 samples of traditional nuruk were collected from 170 regions throughout Korea and the fungi ...

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대상 데이터

  • The existence of acid-producing activity in fungi is important to prevent contamination with various microorganisms and abnormal fermentation in alcohol beverages made using nuruk. In this study, 10 fungi were examined using the size of their visible discolored zone via acid production. The visible discolored zones of the isolated strains ranged from 0.
  • In this study, fungi samples were collected from various regions throughout Korea and the samples with outstanding α-amylase activity and SP were isolated and identified.
  • The 10 selected fungi were identified. N159-1 (KCTC 11927BP), N241-2, and N252-1 were Aspergillus oryzae; N220-1 and N262-1 were A.
  • The primers used were: ITS1 (5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3') and ITS4 (5' TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3') [15].
  • Then Three hundred eighty four strains of fungi were isolated from 165 nuruks. The samples used in this study were collected at traditional markets in 23 regions of Chungcheongnam-do, 30 regions of Gyeongsangbuk-do, 18 regions of Gyeongsangnam-do, 12 regions of Chungcheongbuk-do, 20 regions of Gyeonggi-do, 13 regions of Jeollanam-do, 16 regions of Jeollabuk-do, 34 regions of Gangwon-do and four regions of Jeju-do. The collected nuruk from these 170 regions included 165 different varieties that were isolated and kept at 4o C.
  • The samples used in this study were collected from 170 regions throughout Korea. Then Three hundred eighty four strains of fungi were isolated from 165 nuruks.
  • The samples were made from the wheat using selected strains of nuruk. The nuruk was inoculated in spore suspension (1.
  • 18S rRNA sequencing was performed using an ABI PRISM 3730XL DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems) with the same PCR primers. The sequences were identified using the BLAST program (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

이론/모형

  • ELISA analysis was performed according to the instructions in the Neogen Veratox aflatoxin procedure. Using a blender, 5 g of a ground sample was shaken vigorously for 3 min in 25 mL of 70% methanol.
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참고문헌 (27)

  1. 1 Lee SR Korean fermentation foods 1992 2nd ed Seoul Ewha Women's University Press 210 229 

  2. 2 Garbutt J Essentials of food microbiology 1997 London Hodder Arnold 203 204 

  3. 3 Djien KS Rose AH Indigenous fermented foods Economic microbiology. Vol. 7. Fermented foods 1982 London Academic Press 27 29 

  4. 4 Kodama K Yoshizawa K Rose AH Saké Economic microbiology. Vol. 1. Alcoholic beverages 1977 Orlando Academic Press 423 425 

  5. 5 Bae SM Processing technology of traditional liquor 2002 3rd ed Seoul Woo-Gok Press 107 109 

  6. 6 Yu TS Kim HS Hong J Ha HP Kim TY Yoon IW Bibliographical study on microorganisms of nuruk (until 1945) J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 1996 25 170 179 

  7. 7 Yu TS Kim J Kim HS Hyun JS Ha HP Park MG Bibliographical study on microorganisms of traditional Korean nuruk (since 1945) J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 1998 27 789 799 

  8. 8 Nilüfer D Boyacıoğlu D Comparative study of three different methods for the determination of aflatoxins in Tahini J Agric Food Chem 2002 50 3375 3379 12033798 

  9. 9 Zaika LL Buchanan RL Review of compounds affecting the biosynthesis or bioregulation of aflatoxins J Food Prot 1987 50 691 708 

  10. 10 Butler WH Barnes JM Toxic effects of groundnut meal containing aflatoxin to rats and guinea pigs Br J Cancer 1963 17 699 710 14111608 

  11. 11 Japan Sake Brewers Association A book with notes National Tax Service methods of analysis 1993 4th ed Tokyo JSB Association 213 221 

  12. 12 National Tax Service Technical Service Institute Textbook of alcoholic beverage-brewing 1997 Seoul NTSTS Institute 368 370 

  13. 13 Williams PC Kuzina FD Hlynka I A rapid colorimetric procedure for estimating the amylose content of starches and flours Cereal Chem 1970 47 411 420 

  14. 14 Kim HS Hyun JS Kim J Ha HP Yu TS Enzymological characteristics and identification of useful fungi isolated from traditional Korean nuruk Korean J Appl Microbiol Bioeng 1998 26 456 464 

  15. 15 White TJ Bruns T Lee S Tailor J Innis MA Gelfand DH Sninsky JJ White TJ Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 1990 San Diego Academic Press 315 322 

  16. 16 Park JW Lee KH Lee CY Identification of filamentous molds isolated from Korean traditional nuruk and their amylolytic activities Korean J Appl Microbiol Bioeng 1995 23 737 746 

  17. 17 Lee SH Jung HJ Yeo SH Kim HS Yu TS Characteristics of α-amylase of, a new species, Aspergillus coreanus NR 15-1 Korean J Biotechnol Bioeng 2004 19 301 307 

  18. 18 Lee TS Han EH Volatile flavor components in mash of takju prepared by using Aspergillus oryzae nuruks Korean J Food Sci Technol 2001 33 366 372 

  19. 19 Lee SS Park DH Sung CK Yoo JY Studies on the yellow fungal isolates ( Aspergillus species) inhabiting at the cereals in Korea Korean J Mycol 1997 25 35 45 

  20. 20 Commission Regulation (EU) No. 165 [Internet] European Food Safety Authority 2010 cited 2010 Jun 7 Parma European Food Safety Authority Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/aflatoxins_en.htm 

  21. 21 Guidance for industry: action levels for poisonous or deleterious substances in human food and animal feed [Internet] 2010 cited 2010 Jun 4 College Park U. S. Food and Drug Administration Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/ChemicalContaminantsandPesticides/ucm077969.htm#afla 

  22. 22 Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed [Internet] 2010 cited 2010 Jun 7 Rome Codex Alimentarius Available from: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/17/CXS_193e.pdf 

  23. 23 A outline of the mycotoxins [Internet] 2009 cited 2009 Aug 31 Cheongwon Korea Food and Drug Administration Available from: http://www.kfda.go.kr/index.kfda?mid=69&pageNo=30.No.1055.hwp 

  24. 24 Park SK Jang JI Ha KT Kim SD Kim OH Choi YH Seung HJ Kim SJ Lee KA Jo HB A survey of the presence of aflatoxins in herb medicines J Food Hyg Saf 2009 24 169 173 

  25. 25 Kim HS Hyun JS Ha HP Yu TS Characteristics of useful fungi isolated from traditional Korean nuruk J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 1997 26 767 774 

  26. 26 Yang ZY Shim WB Kim JH Park SJ Kang SJ Nam BS Chung DH Detection of aflatoxin-producing molds in Korean fermented foods and grains by multiplex PCR J Food Prot 2004 67 2622 2626 15553652 

  27. 27 Zheng Z Humphrey CW King RS Richard JL Validation of an ELISA test kit for the detection of total aflatoxins in grain and grain products by comparison with HPLC Mycopathologia 2005 159 255 263 15770452 

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