Gametogenic Cycle by Quantitative Statistical Analysis and the Biological Minimum Size in Protothaca (Notochione) jedoensis (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in Western Korea원문보기
The gametogenic cycle, the spawning season and the biological minimum sizes in female and male Protothaca (Notochione) jedoensis were investigated by quantitative statistical analysis. In females, monthly changes in the percents of the follicle areas to the ovarian tissue areas and the percents of t...
The gametogenic cycle, the spawning season and the biological minimum sizes in female and male Protothaca (Notochione) jedoensis were investigated by quantitative statistical analysis. In females, monthly changes in the percents of the follicle areas to the ovarian tissue areas and the percents of the oocyte areas to the ovarian tissue areas increased in February and reached the maximum in April, and then gradually decreased from May to July, with the spawning peak between June and July. In males, monthly changes in the percents of the testicular tissue areas to total tissue areas and the percents of the spermatogenic stage areas to the testicular tissue areas increased in February and reached the maximum in April, and then showed a rapid decrease from May to July. From these data, it is apparent that the number of spawning seasons in female and male P. (N.) jedoensis occurred once a year, from May to July. Therefore, P. (N.) jedoensis in both sexes showed a unimodal gametogenic cycle during the year. Compared the gametogenic cycle by quantitative statistical analysis in 2007 with the previous qualitative results of this species, the results of the gametogenic cycle calculated by quantitative statistical analysis showed some differentiations in the spawning seasons evaluated by the gonad index by qualitative histological analysis. The intervals of the beginning of two spawning seasons showed one month between the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses. The biological minimum sizes (considering to 50% of group sexual maturity) in female and male clams by quantitative analysis of this species are 32.01 mm in shell length in females and 30.58 mm in males, respectively. According to the mean shell length fitted to von Bertalanffy's equation, 30.58 and 32.01 mm in shell length were considered to be two years old. Therefore, we assume that both sexes of this population begin reproduction from two years of age.
The gametogenic cycle, the spawning season and the biological minimum sizes in female and male Protothaca (Notochione) jedoensis were investigated by quantitative statistical analysis. In females, monthly changes in the percents of the follicle areas to the ovarian tissue areas and the percents of the oocyte areas to the ovarian tissue areas increased in February and reached the maximum in April, and then gradually decreased from May to July, with the spawning peak between June and July. In males, monthly changes in the percents of the testicular tissue areas to total tissue areas and the percents of the spermatogenic stage areas to the testicular tissue areas increased in February and reached the maximum in April, and then showed a rapid decrease from May to July. From these data, it is apparent that the number of spawning seasons in female and male P. (N.) jedoensis occurred once a year, from May to July. Therefore, P. (N.) jedoensis in both sexes showed a unimodal gametogenic cycle during the year. Compared the gametogenic cycle by quantitative statistical analysis in 2007 with the previous qualitative results of this species, the results of the gametogenic cycle calculated by quantitative statistical analysis showed some differentiations in the spawning seasons evaluated by the gonad index by qualitative histological analysis. The intervals of the beginning of two spawning seasons showed one month between the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses. The biological minimum sizes (considering to 50% of group sexual maturity) in female and male clams by quantitative analysis of this species are 32.01 mm in shell length in females and 30.58 mm in males, respectively. According to the mean shell length fitted to von Bertalanffy's equation, 30.58 and 32.01 mm in shell length were considered to be two years old. Therefore, we assume that both sexes of this population begin reproduction from two years of age.
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가설 설정
A: Percent of area occupied by testis to total tissue area. B: Percent of area occupied by spermatogenic stages to testis area.
A: Percent of the area occupied by the ovary to total tissue area. B: Percent of the area occupied by follicles to total tissue area. C: Percent of the area occupied by follicles to the ovary area.
B: Percent of the area occupied by follicles to total tissue area. C: Percent of the area occupied by follicles to the ovary area. D: Percent of the area occupied by oocytes to the ovary area.
C: Percent of the area occupied by follicles to the ovary area. D: Percent of the area occupied by oocytes to the ovary area. E: Percent of mean oocyte number per mm2.
제안 방법
5% eosin. After production of histological tissue section slides of ovarian tissues, they were examined using a light microscope (Zeiss Axiovert 10 microscope) for quantitative statistical analysis.
15-20 individuals per month and two fields per slides were analyzed. Areas of total tissue, the ovary, the testis, the follicle, and the oocyte were measured by manually tracking the margins of objects one by one with a pointer on the captured image. Before the measurements of the areas of the oocytes, and the diameter of the oocytes and the spermatogenic stages, captured color image was converted to a gray scale image and then to a black-and-white image with an appropriate threshold at which only the spermatogenic stages or oocytes were contrasted with black, while the other parts of the tissue were in white.
Before the measurements of the areas of the oocytes, and the diameter of the oocytes and the spermatogenic stages, captured color image was converted to a gray scale image and then to a black-and-white image with an appropriate threshold at which only the spermatogenic stages or oocytes were contrasted with black, while the other parts of the tissue were in white. Measurements on the areas of the spermatogenic stages and the oocytes, and the diameter of oocytes were carried out by the automatic procedure provided by the BMI plus software. Number of oocyte was also recorded during this automatic procedure.
대상 데이터
Tissue slides were observed for quantitative analysis by an image analyzer system. Slides were viewed on a stereozoom microscope (Nikon, SMZ-U) from where the images were captured by a TOSHIBA Model IK-642K CCD camera and were then viewed on a SAMSUNG color video monitor. The image analyzer (BMI plus, WINATech Co.
데이터처리
A one-way ANOVA (multiple comparisons by Duncan's procedure, α = 0.05) was applied to compare the means of monthly data.
성능/효과
A total of 228 (111 females and 117) individuals of P. (N.) jedoensis were investigated histologically to determine the shell lengths of clams that reach maturation and participate in reproduction from April (maturation before spawning) to September (after spawning). As shown in Table 1, percentages of smaller female and male individuals ranging under 22.
Acoording to the results of multiple comparisons by Turkey Test, variations of the testis area among individuals were so high that there is significant differences during January and February ((Turkey Test, the data of two adjacent months, p < 0.05), however, there were no significant differences during February-March, March-April, April-May, May-June, June-July, July-August, August-September, September-October, October-November, and November December-September, September-October, October-November, and November-December (p = 1.000, 0.075, 0.625, 0.663, 1.000, 0.252, 0.952, 0.963, 0.157, and 0.080, respectively).
From the results of the number of spawning seasons investigated by quantitative statistical analysis using an Image Analyzer System, the gametogenic cycle in both sexes was clarified to be a unimodal gametogenic cycles showing a maximum maturity in May and one spawning season per year, from May to July with peak spawning between June and July.
In this study, according to the results of gametogenic cycle by quantitative statistical analysis, monthly changes in the percent of field occupied by the follicle area to the ovarian tissue area, and monthly changes in proportions (%) of the oocyte areas to the ovary areas reached a maximum in April, and gradually decreased from May to July when spawning occurred, and the main spawning occurred between June and July. In particular, peak mature oocyte level occurred in April followed by a significant decrease from May to July which indicated spawning (the main spawning occurred between June and July).
In this study, percentages of sexual maturities of female and male clams ranging from 30.1−35.0 mm were over 50.0%.
, 1993). In this study, the gametogenic cycle in female and male P. (N.) jedoensis by quantitative statistical analysis showed a unimodal gametogenic cycle.
후속연구
Additional information on the biological minimum size (the size at 50% of group sexual maturity) of this species would be very useful for propagation, aquaculture, and resource management. In particular, information on age considering to the size at which individuals reach 50% of sexual maturity could be useful in determining a prohibitory measure for adequate natural resource management.
Thus, sometimes the qualitative analysis of gonad developmental stages by individual subjectivity is not correct. Therefore, because this species is commercially important and target organism for aquaculture, the period of spawning season and the number of spawning seasons needs to be studied in detail by quantitative statistical analysis for the confirmation of the unimodel or bimodel gametogenic cycles of gonads per year. Thus, despite the studies referred above, little information is available on the gametogenic cycle and the spawning season by quantitative statistical analysis, and age considering to the sizes at 50% of sexual maturity in females and males.
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