[논문]Development and Evaluation of the KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) for Managing Insecticides

Jung, Ja-Eun; Lee, Yong-Ju; Kim, Yoon-Kwan; Lee, Sung-Kyu

doi:10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.4.1183

Development and Evaluation of the KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) for Managing Insecticides 원문보기

Bulletin of the Korean chemical society, v.33 no.4, 2012년, pp.1183 - 1189

Jung, Ja-Eun (Environmental Planning Institute, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) , Lee, Yong-Ju (Environmental Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology) , Kim, Yoon-Kwan (Environmental & Whole Information System) , Lee, Sung-Kyu (Environmental Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) was developed to facilitate ecological risk-based management of Korean insecticides. KOIEM, applied as a multimedia fate model, evaluates water, soil, air, and vegetation compartments based on three water-body types (streams, ditches, and ponds). Deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, was used to evaluate and create the model parameters. After exposure of both the stream and the ditch to deltamethrin, the KOIEM-predicted concentrations and the observed levels were in agreement. The model was also evaluated using the accuracy factor (AF), which was 4.32 and 0.35 for the stream and ditch, respectively. Ecological risk assessment was also performed to evaluate the application of KOIEM for four popular South Korean insecticides (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diazinon, and permethrin). Despite the insecticides having low PECs in water, their risk quotients were typically above 1.0. Thus, KOIEM modification would be required in further studies to account for spatial variation.

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가설 설정

In this study, we first intended to develop a region-specific insecticide exposure model based on Korean topography. We investigated the environmental fate of insecticides in various medias including water, soil, and air, and assessed ecological risk using a multimedia fate model.

제안 방법

Based on the assumptions and mechanisms of the model, mass balance in the model area can be described by a set of differential equations, one for each compartment. By solving the set of mass balance equations, the model provides the concentration of insecticides in each compartment, as well as various cross-media fluxes. This model can obtain timedependent concentrations of unsteady-state solutions.
Model inputs included meteorological and site-specific data for the study area, physical-chemical properties of the insecticides, and application scenarios. Deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide common in Korea, was chosen to parameterize and evaluate the model. Table 1 summarize the input data and application scenarios for deltamethrin.
In this study, only deltamethrin was monitored for evaluating KOIEM. Sampling of the stream and ditch was conducted in both July and August at specific time intervals, at a known distance from the initial treatment point.
In this study, only deltamethrin was monitored for evaluating KOIEM. Sampling of the stream and ditch was conducted in both July and August at specific time intervals, at a known distance from the initial treatment point. Samples were obtained by submerging 2-L plastic bags into the water and storing them at 4 ℃ until analysis.
We investigated the environmental fate of insecticides in various medias including water, soil, and air, and assessed ecological risk using a multimedia fate model. The major objectives of this study were to (1) develop the KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) for use in the Korean environment, (2) evaluate KOIEM by comparing the predicted model results to actual environmental monitoring data for a insecticide, then (3) apply KOIEM to assess the ecological risk of several insecticides used in Korea.

대상 데이터

Figure 1. Location of the study area in South Korea (★: Banseok stream; ▲: Jukdong ditch and pond).
The study areas were the Banseok stream (L × W = 200 m × 30 m), the Jukdong ditch (600 m × 4 m), and the Jukdong pond (40 m × 2.5 m), located in Daejeon, South Korea (Fig. 1).

이론/모형

Many techniques have been developed to predict ecological risk.³⁰ In this study, single-point exposure and effect comparisons were adopted with the risk quotient (RQ) method. The RQ is defined as the ratio of PEC to the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC).
The numerical solution was obtained using Euler’s method14 to solve the set of ordinary differential equations described above.

후속연구

It would be resulted that despite the low environmental concentrations of PYRs chronic adverse effect may be occurred in Korean aquatic environment. Further modification of KOIEM to reflect spatial variation and evaluation in other types of media (i.e. soil, air) will be useful in assessing the capability of this model as a decision making tool and the potential ecological risk of insecticide application.

참고문헌 (32)

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Development and Evaluation of the KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) for Managing Insecticides 원문보기

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Development and Evaluation of the KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) for Managing Insecticides 원문보기

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