Germ Cell Differentiations during Spermatogenesis and Taxonomic Values of Mature Sperm Morphology of $Atrina$ ($Servatrina$) $pectinata$ (Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pinnidae)원문보기
The ultrastructural characteristics of germ cell differentiations during spermatogenesis and mature sperm morphology in male $Atrina$ ($Servatrina$) $pectinata$ were evaluated via transmission electron microscopic observation. The accessory cells, which contained a l...
The ultrastructural characteristics of germ cell differentiations during spermatogenesis and mature sperm morphology in male $Atrina$ ($Servatrina$) $pectinata$ were evaluated via transmission electron microscopic observation. The accessory cells, which contained a large quantity of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, are assumed to be involved in nutrient supply for germ cell development. Morphologically, the sperm nucleus and acrosome of this species are ovoid and conical in shape, respectively. The acrosomal vesicle, which is formed by two kinds of electron-dense or lucent materials, appears from the base to the tip: a thick and slender elliptical line, which is composed of electron-dense opaque material, appears along the outer part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle from the base to the tip, whereas the inner part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle is composed of electron-lucent material in the acrosomal vesicle. Two special characteristics, which are found in the acrosomal vesicle of A. ($S$) $pectinata$ in Pinnidae (subclass Pteriomorphia), can be employed for phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses as a taxonomic key or a significant tool. The spermatozoa were approximately $45-50{\mu}m$ in length, including a sperm nucleus (about $1.43{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $0.51{\mu}m$ in length), and a tail flagellum (about $46-47{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail evidences a 9+2 structure.
The ultrastructural characteristics of germ cell differentiations during spermatogenesis and mature sperm morphology in male $Atrina$ ($Servatrina$) $pectinata$ were evaluated via transmission electron microscopic observation. The accessory cells, which contained a large quantity of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, are assumed to be involved in nutrient supply for germ cell development. Morphologically, the sperm nucleus and acrosome of this species are ovoid and conical in shape, respectively. The acrosomal vesicle, which is formed by two kinds of electron-dense or lucent materials, appears from the base to the tip: a thick and slender elliptical line, which is composed of electron-dense opaque material, appears along the outer part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle from the base to the tip, whereas the inner part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle is composed of electron-lucent material in the acrosomal vesicle. Two special characteristics, which are found in the acrosomal vesicle of A. ($S$) $pectinata$ in Pinnidae (subclass Pteriomorphia), can be employed for phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses as a taxonomic key or a significant tool. The spermatozoa were approximately $45-50{\mu}m$ in length, including a sperm nucleus (about $1.43{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $0.51{\mu}m$ in length), and a tail flagellum (about $46-47{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail evidences a 9+2 structure.
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문제 정의
In particular, the results regarding the ultrastructural qualities of sperm morphology of this species should provide the information necessary for the elucidation of relationship patterns among the subclasses (Popham, 1979). Therefore, the principal objective of this study is to evaluate the ultrastructures of germ cells and accessory cells during spermatogenesis and to confirm sperm type with the acrosomal characteristics of sperm ultrastructure via phylogenetic analyses of this species.
가설 설정
Sometimes, even within a single species, this factor evidenced slight variations. In this study, we determined there to be five mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm in A. (S.) pectinata, a Pinnidae species of subclass Pteriomorphia. Therefore, the numbers of mitochondria in the sperm midpiece were not strictly linked to the subclass; however, their numbers were clearly correlated with family and superfamily (Healy, 1995).
성능/효과
Regarding the existence of special substructures in the acrosomal vesicle in an acrosome, if the ultrastructures of the acrosomal vesicle of this species are compared with those of species belonging to other families in subclass Pteriormorphia, as shown in Figure 2, unique structural characteristics appeared in the acrosomal vesicles of each species in the four families of which subclass Pteriomorphia is comprised. In this study, in particular, in A. (S.) pectinata in Pinnidae, a slender elliptical line in the acrosomal vesicle, which is composed of high electron-dense opaque material, appeared along the outer part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle from the base to the tip of the acrosomal vesicle, and the inner part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle was composed of an electron-lucent part (region) from the base to the tip of the acrosomal vesicle. In particular, a slender elliptical line was not detected in the acrosomal vesicle in species of the Pteriidae, Ostreidae, Mytilidae, and Arcidae (Fig.
Generally, the acrosome could be classified into five shapes, namely: cone, long cone, modified cone, cap, and modified cap shapes. In this study, the acrosomal morphology of the spermatozoon of this species was cone-shaped. However, among the Veneridae species of subclass Heterodonta, C.
However, Kim (2001) reported that, interestingly, the axial rod in the sperm was not found in only one species, namely the Mytilidae species, Septifer (Mytilisepta) virgatus. In this study, the satellite fibers, which are generally located nearby the distal centriole of the spermatozoon, were not detected in A. (S.) pectinata in the Pinnidae. Additionally, Kim (2001) previously noted reported that no satellite fibers were found in P.
However, all species in subclass Heterodonta in class Bivalvia also have common structural characteristics: the acrosomal vesicles are modified cones, and are composed of high electron-dense opaque materials (the base and lateral parts of the basal rings) and electron-lucent materials (the apex part of the acrosomal vesicle). Regarding the existence of special substructures in the acrosomal vesicle in an acrosome, if the ultrastructures of the acrosomal vesicle of this species are compared with those of species belonging to other families in subclass Pteriormorphia, as shown in Figure 2, unique structural characteristics appeared in the acrosomal vesicles of each species in the four families of which subclass Pteriomorphia is comprised. In this study, in particular, in A.
Therefore, the acrosomal morphology of the sperm in A. (S.) pectinata in Pinnidae should be compared with that of species belonging to other families in subclass Pteriomorphia, because A. (S.) pectinata is a member of subclass Pteriomorphia. In addition, the number of mitochondria in the sperm midpiece tends to be stable within any given family or superfamily, varying from a maximum of 14 in Modiotus difficiis (Drozdov & Reunov, 1986) to a minimum of 4 (common to many bivalve families) (Healy, 1989, 1995).
, 2010a). Therefore, these patterns can be regarded as relevant differences in acrosomal vesicular structures that are observed only in Ostreidae species, thus differentiating them definitively from species members of the Pinnidae, Pteriidae, and Mytilidae of subclass Pteriomorphia.
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