Song, Sang-Hwan
(Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
,
Paek, Do-Myung
(Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
,
Lee, Young-Mee
(Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
,
Lee, Chul-Woo
(Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
,
Park, Chung-Hee
(Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
,
Yu, Seung-Do
(Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Ambient particulate matter (PM) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were measured continuously for 70 days at a Korean elementary school located near a highway. The $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_1$ values were measured with a ligh...
Ambient particulate matter (PM) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were measured continuously for 70 days at a Korean elementary school located near a highway. The $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_1$ values were measured with a light-scattering, multi-channel, aerosol spectrometer (Grimm, Model 1.107). The number concentrations of the particles were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer and counter (SMPS+C) which counted particles from 11.1 to 1083.3 nm classified in 44 channels. Particle-bound PAHs were measured with a direct reading, photoelectric aerosol sensor. The daily $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and CO concentrations were obtained from a national air-monitoring station located near the school. The average concentrations of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_1$ were 75.3, 59.3, and $52.1{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The average number concentration of the ultrafine particles (UFPs) was $46,307/cm^3$, and the averaged particle-bound PAHs concentration was $17.9ng/cm^3$ during the study period. The ambient UFP variation was strongly associated with traffic intensity, particularly peak concentrations during the traffic rush hours. Particles <100 nm corresponded to traffic-related pollutants, including PAHs. Additional longterm monitoring of ambient UFPs and high-resolution traffic measurements should be carried out in future studies. In addition, transient variations in the ambient particle concentration should be taken into consideration in epidemiology studies in order to examine the short-term health effects of urban UFPs.
Ambient particulate matter (PM) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were measured continuously for 70 days at a Korean elementary school located near a highway. The $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_1$ values were measured with a light-scattering, multi-channel, aerosol spectrometer (Grimm, Model 1.107). The number concentrations of the particles were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer and counter (SMPS+C) which counted particles from 11.1 to 1083.3 nm classified in 44 channels. Particle-bound PAHs were measured with a direct reading, photoelectric aerosol sensor. The daily $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and CO concentrations were obtained from a national air-monitoring station located near the school. The average concentrations of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_1$ were 75.3, 59.3, and $52.1{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The average number concentration of the ultrafine particles (UFPs) was $46,307/cm^3$, and the averaged particle-bound PAHs concentration was $17.9ng/cm^3$ during the study period. The ambient UFP variation was strongly associated with traffic intensity, particularly peak concentrations during the traffic rush hours. Particles <100 nm corresponded to traffic-related pollutants, including PAHs. Additional longterm monitoring of ambient UFPs and high-resolution traffic measurements should be carried out in future studies. In addition, transient variations in the ambient particle concentration should be taken into consideration in epidemiology studies in order to examine the short-term health effects of urban UFPs.
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문제 정의
We examined the diurnal variation in particle concentrations in relation to traffic patterns and assessed their correlations with other pollutants, especially p-PAHs that originate from vehicle emissions. The results of this study provide information on the potential exposure of schoolchildren to particulate pollutants.
This study presents the results of continuous particle and gaseous air pollutant measurements in an urban area in order to determine the temporal variation in ambient fine PM, UFP, and particle-bound PAH (p-PAH) concentrations at an urban elementary school in Korea. We examined the diurnal variation in particle concentrations in relation to traffic patterns and assessed their correlations with other pollutants, especially p-PAHs that originate from vehicle emissions.
제안 방법
We used 1-hr averages for the continuous measurements. Diurnal variation was assessed for both weekdays and weekends in order to examinethe effects of traffic on the particulate concentrations.The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between the ambient PM and p-PAHs and the gaseous pollutants.
대상 데이터
Monitoring was conducted on the roof of a four-story elementary school (37°28′05′′N, 126°40′41′′E) in Namgu, a mixed commercial and residential area of the city of Incheon, South Korea.
Monitoring was conducted on the roof of a four-story elementary school (37°28′05′′N, 126°40′41′′E) in Namgu, a mixed commercial and residential area of the city of Incheon, South Korea. The school was located near a main road and approximately 200 m from a six lane highway with an average traffic volume of 98,000 vehicles/day. The site was also located within 5 km of the Incheon industrial complex.
The school was located near a main road and approximately 200 m from a six lane highway with an average traffic volume of 98,000 vehicles/day. The site was also located within 5 km of the Incheon industrial complex. Therefore, traffic and plant operations were considered the main ambient air pollution sources.
데이터처리
4. Pearson correlation coefficients among the 1-hr mean concentrations of PM2.5, p-PAHs, NO2, CO and particle number in 38 size classes (10-454 nm).
Diurnal variation was assessed for both weekdays and weekends in order to examinethe effects of traffic on the particulate concentrations.The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between the ambient PM and p-PAHs and the gaseous pollutants.
성능/효과
In conclusion, ambient UFP variation is stronglyassociated with traffic intensity, particularly peak concentrations occurring during the traffic rush hours. Particles <100 nm corresponded to traffic-related pollutants, including PAHs.
5 and CO increased in relation to particle sizes up to 300 nm. The correlation coefficients between particle number concentration and the p-PAHs and NO2 remained elevated in relation to particle size up to 100 nm and decreased for larger particle sizes. This result suggests that the particle number concentration of 100 nm particles originated predominantly from traffic emission particles, DEPs in particular.
The results of our study showed relatively high airpollutant levels. The particle number concentrations and PM10 and PM2.
후속연구
Therefore, 24-hr average data might underestimate the exposure-related adverse health effects. However, more research is needed to explore the relationships between various sizes of UFPs and traffic volume or other traffic-related pollutant proxies.
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