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NTIS 바로가기한국미생물·생명공학회지 = Korean journal of microbiology and biotechnology, v.40 no.2, 2012년, pp.83 - 91
이정기 (배재대학교 바이오.의생명공학과)
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system, which is used by many bacteria to regulate diverse gene expression in response to changes in population density. Bacteria recognize the differences in cell density by sensing the concentration of signal molecules such as N-acyl-homoserine l...
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핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
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균에서 QS은 어떤 상황에 발현되는가? | Quorum sensing이라 불리는 세균의 독특한 신호전달 체계는 각각의 개별 세포가 생육 중에 분비하는 N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)을 비롯한 특정한 신호분자의 농도에 의해 세균의 집단적 행동 양식이 결정되는 일련의 세포밀도-의존성 유전자 발현 (celldensity dependent gene expression) 조절 메커니즘이다[21, 61]. 즉 QS는 생육이 진행됨에 따라 세포 밀도가 높아져 어떤 특정한 세포 밀도에 도달하게 되는 상황인 소위 “정족수 (quorum)”에 이르게 되면, 저밀도 상황에서의 세포에서는 관찰되지 않는 특정한 형질이 집단적으로 유도 발현된다. QS 에 의해 다양한 형질이 조절되며, 특히 주변에서 흔히 볼 수있는 세균에 의한 생물막(biofilm)의 형성도 QS에 의해 조절되는 대표적인 현상이다(Fig. | |
Quorum sensing이라 불리는 세균의 독특한 신호전달 체계는 어떤 메커니즘인가? | 단세포 생물인 세균의 생활사에 대한 이전의 통념과는 달리 세균들도 특정한 화학물질(신호분자)을 매개로 하여 서로 소통 (communication)하며, 이러한 소통을 통해 특정 환경에서 생존에 좀 더 적합하도록 다양한 집단적 대사 활성을 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있다[67, 76]. Quorum sensing이라 불리는 세균의 독특한 신호전달 체계는 각각의 개별 세포가 생육 중에 분비하는 N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)을 비롯한 특정한 신호분자의 농도에 의해 세균의 집단적 행동 양식이 결정되는 일련의 세포밀도-의존성 유전자 발현 (celldensity dependent gene expression) 조절 메커니즘이다[21, 61]. 즉 QS는 생육이 진행됨에 따라 세포 밀도가 높아져 어떤 특정한 세포 밀도에 도달하게 되는 상황인 소위 “정족수 (quorum)”에 이르게 되면, 저밀도 상황에서의 세포에서는 관찰되지 않는 특정한 형질이 집단적으로 유도 발현된다. | |
QS 과정에서 LuxR 계열의 전사조절단백질인 AHL 수용체와 결합으로 인해 발생하는 것은? | LuxI 계열의 AHL합성단 백질(AHL synthase)에 의해 합성된 AHL이 일정 농도에 이르면 LuxR 계열의 전사조절단백질인 AHL 수용체와 결합하게 된다. 이러한 결합으로 인해 AHL 수용체에 구조적 변화가 유도되어 타깃 유전자의 조절 부위와 결합하게 되고, 결과적으로 병독성(virulence), 생물막 형성, 생물발광 (bioluminescence), 운동성, 항생제 생산, swarming, 세포 외가수분해 효소의 합성 등에 필요한 다양한 유전자의 발현이 조절된다(Fig. 1)[3, 15, 32, 42, 46]. |
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