A variety of fish species undergo an ontogenetic change in prey selectivity, and several potentially interacting factors, including nutrient requirement, microhabitat change, and foraging ability, may account for the occurrence of the shift. Here we examine the foraging ecology and ontogenetic diet ...
A variety of fish species undergo an ontogenetic change in prey selectivity, and several potentially interacting factors, including nutrient requirement, microhabitat change, and foraging ability, may account for the occurrence of the shift. Here we examine the foraging ecology and ontogenetic diet shift of a micro-carnivorous goby, Pterogobius elapoides (serpentine goby), dominant component of fish assemblage in shallow rocky areas off the coast in Korea and Japan. Although most other gobies are primarily benthic carnivores, P. elapoides is a semipelagic fish; however, little is known about how those species change their foraging tactics with growth. In our diet analyses, the most common diet was pelagic copepods and benthic amphipods, and diet shift was observed from pelagic to benthic with growth. The ontogenetic diet shift seems to be the result of the preference for energetically more profitable prey in larger-size classes as well as the results of different prey availability due to among-habitat variation in diet. However, differential food preference does not appear to affect individual scope for searching food. Several factors such as predation pressures and interspecific resource partitioning might contribute to the changes in diet observed among size classes, which were included in our ongoing tests.
A variety of fish species undergo an ontogenetic change in prey selectivity, and several potentially interacting factors, including nutrient requirement, microhabitat change, and foraging ability, may account for the occurrence of the shift. Here we examine the foraging ecology and ontogenetic diet shift of a micro-carnivorous goby, Pterogobius elapoides (serpentine goby), dominant component of fish assemblage in shallow rocky areas off the coast in Korea and Japan. Although most other gobies are primarily benthic carnivores, P. elapoides is a semipelagic fish; however, little is known about how those species change their foraging tactics with growth. In our diet analyses, the most common diet was pelagic copepods and benthic amphipods, and diet shift was observed from pelagic to benthic with growth. The ontogenetic diet shift seems to be the result of the preference for energetically more profitable prey in larger-size classes as well as the results of different prey availability due to among-habitat variation in diet. However, differential food preference does not appear to affect individual scope for searching food. Several factors such as predation pressures and interspecific resource partitioning might contribute to the changes in diet observed among size classes, which were included in our ongoing tests.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
제안 방법
In this study, we examine the foraging ecology of a goby, Pterogobius elapoides (serpentine goby; Figure 1), a common component of fish assemblage in shallow rocky areas off the coast in Korea and Japan (Masuda et al. 1984; Kim et al. 1986). While most gobies are benthic carnivores, consuming mainly crustaceans and polychaetes (Gibson and Ezzi 1978; Grossman et al.
대상 데이터
A total of 17 individuals (53-78 mm SL) were captured from the study site using encircling monofilament nylon net (15 x 1 m; 5 mm square mesh).
A total of 34 individuals were collected in the study site using a gill net during the daytime (dates were chosen based on the weather condition; 16-17 May, 22-23 June, 17 July, and 6 August in2000). The captured fishes were preserved in 10% buffered formalin solution and were measured to the nearest 0.
Collections for estimation and observation were carried out on shallow rocky areas off the coast of Kurahashi Island (Honmura Bay, the Seto Inland Sea; 34°5'14''N, 132°30'0''E) in Japan.
After measuring their SL using a scale bar to the nearest 1 mm, each individual was allocated into three size classes (see Diet analysis section) and was released. Seventeen individuals were tracked down for observation; small- (N=6), medium- (N=6), and large-size class individuals (N=5) were observed for 21, 17, and 27 h, respectively.
Foraging behaviors and microhabitat preference (including home ranges) for each of the three size classes were examined using scan field observations with scuba diving and snorkeling at a chosen time depending on the weather condition between 08:00 and 17:00 for 30-60 min per dive from May to August in 2000. The observation was made in depth ranging from 1 to 6 m on rocky terrain with cracks and crevices irregularly formed and overgrown brown algae. A total of 17 individuals (53-78 mm SL) were captured from the study site using encircling monofilament nylon net (15 x 1 m; 5 mm square mesh).
성능/효과
In conclusion, ontogenetic diet shift in P. elapoides is influenced by several factors, including body size and the availability of prey, and results in differential microhabitat utilization. A number of factors have not been assessed, and they might contribute to the changes in diet observed among size classes, even though several more factors are included in our ongoing tests and upcoming publications.
참고문헌 (38)
Aarnio K, Bonsdorff E. 1993. Seasonal variation in abundance and diet of the sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas) in a northern Baltic archipelago. Ophelia. 37:19-30.
Baeck GW, Park JM, Hashimoto H. 2011. Feeding ecology of three tonguefishes, genus Cynoglossus (Cynoglossidae) in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Anim Cells Syst. 15:325-336.
Clements KD, Choat JH. 1993. Influence of season, ontogeny and tide on the diet of the temperate marine herbivorous fish Odax pullus (Odacidae). Mar Biol 117:213-362.
Dotu Y, Tsutsumi T. 1959. The reproduction behaviour in the gobiid fish, Pterogibius elapoides (Gunther). Bull Fac Fish. Nakasaki Univ. 8:186-190. (In Japanese)
Ellison JP, Terry C, Stephens JS. 1979. Food resource utilization among five species of embiotocids at King Harbor, California, with preliminary estimates of caloric intake. Mar Biol. 52:161-169.
Estabrook F, Dunham AE. 1976. Optimal diet as a function of absolute abundance, relative abundance, and relative value of available prey. Am Nat. 110:401-413.
Gill AB, Hart PJB. 1994. Feeding behaviour and prey choice of the threespine stickleback: the interacting effects of prey size, fish size and stomach fullness. Anim Behav. 47:921-932.
Grossman GD, Coffin R, Moyle PB. 1980. Feeding ecology of the bay goby (Pisces: Gobiidae): effects of behavioral, ontogenetic, and temporal variation on diet. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 44:47-59.
Huh SH, Kwak SN. 1998a. Feeding habits of Acentrogobius pflaumii in the eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in Kwangyang Bay. Kor J Ichthyol. 10:24-31. (In Korean)
Huh SH, Kwak SN. 1998b. Feeding habits of Favonigobius gymnauchen in the eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in Kwangyang Bay. J Kor Fish Soc. 31:372-379. (In Korean)
Huh SH, Kwak SN. 1999. Feeding habits of Acanthogobius flavimanus in the eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in Kwangyang Bay. J Kor Fish Soc. 32:10-17. (In Korean)
Humphries P, Potter IC. 1993. Relationship between the habitat and diet of three species of atherinids and three species of gobies in a temperate Australian estuary. Mar Biol. 116:193-204.
Kikuchi T, Yamashita Y. 1992. Seasonal occurrence of gobiid fish and their food habitats in a small mud flat in Amakusa. Publ Amakusa Mar Biol Lab. 11:73-93.
Kim IS, Kim YO, Lee YJ. 1986. Synopsis of the family Gobiidae (Pisces, Perciformes) from Korea. Bull Kor Fish Soc 19:387-408. (In Korean)
Lockett MM, Suthers IM. 1998. Ontogenetic diet shift and feeding activity in the temperate reef fish Cheilodactylus fuscus. Proc Linn Soc NSW. 120:105-116.
Luczkovich JJ, Norton SF, Gilmore RG. 1995. The influence of oral anatomy on prey selection during the ontogeny of two Percoid fishes, Lagodon rhomboids and Centropomus undecimalis. Environ Biol Fish. 44:79-95.
Masuda H, Amaoka K, Araga C, Uyeno T, Yoshino T. 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokyo: Tokai University Press.
McCormick MI. 1998. Ontogeny of diet shifts by a microcarnivorous fish, Cheilodactylus spectabilis: relationship between feeding mechanics, microhabitat selection and growth. Mar Biol. 132:9-20.
Nelson JS. 2006. Fishes of the world. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 601 p.
Onadeko CA. 1992. The food and feeding habits of the sleeper goby, Batanga lebretonis (Steindachner) (Pisces: Teolestei: Eleotrididae) in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. J Afr Zool. 106:176-189.
Peterson CC, McIntyre P. 1998. Ontogenetic diet shifts in Roeboides affinis with morphological comparisons. Environ Biol Fishes. 53:105-110.
Schellelens T, de Roos AM, Persson L. 2010. Ontogenetic diet shifts result in niche partitioning between two consumer species irrespective of competitive abilities. Amer Nat. 176:625-637.
Schmitt RJ, Holbrook SJ. 1984. Ontogeny of prey selection by black surfperch Embiotoca jacksoni (Pisces: Embiotocidae): the roles of fish morphology, foraging behavior, and patch selection. Mar Eco Prog Ser. 18:225-239.
Shibuno T, Hashimoto H, Gushima K. 1994. Changes with growth in feeding habits and gravel turning behavior of the wrasse, Coris gaimard. Jap J Ichthyol. 41:301-306.
Stoner AW, Livingston RJ. 1984. Ontogenetic patterns in diet and feeding morphology in sympatric sparid fishes from seagrass meadows. Copeia. 1984:174-187.
Vass KF, Vlasbalau AG, DeKoeijer P. 1975. Studies on the black goby (Gobius niger Gobiidae, Pisces) in the Veerse Meer SW Netherlands. Neth J Sea Res. 9:56-68.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.