[논문]CO2 및 기온 상승이 '후지'/M.9 사과나무의 광합성, 신초생장 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

권헌중; 사공동훈; 박무용; 송양익; 정경호; 남종철; 한점화; 도경란

doi:10.5532/kjafm.2013.15.4.245

CO2 및 기온 상승이 '후지'/M.9 사과나무의 광합성, 신초생장 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향
Influence of Elevated CO2 and Air Temperature on Photosynthesis, Shoot Growth, and Fruit Quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 Apple Tree 원문보기

한국농림기상학회지 = Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v.15 no.4, 2013년, pp.245 - 263

초록
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본 시험은 기후변화의 영향과 관련하여 기온 및 $CO_2$ 농도 상승이 '후지'/M.9 사과나무의 광합성 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 지난 4년(2009-2012)동안 시험이 이루어졌다. 처리구들은 'Ambient' (대기온도+대기 $CO_2$ 농도), 'High $CO_2$'(대기온도+상승 $CO_2$ 농도), 'High Temp'. (상승온도+대기 $CO_2$ 농도), 'High $CO_2$+High Temp'. (상승온도+상승 $CO_2$ 농도)이었다. 상승온도 처리구들은 대기온도보다 $4^{\circ}C$ 상승시켰고, 상승 $CO_2$ 농도 처리구들은 $700{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$로 유지하였다. 4년 동안 매년 처리기간은 4월말부터 11월초까지였다. $CO_2$ 상승은 기공전도도와 잎의 엽록체함량(SPAD 계량기 값)을 감소시켰으나, 광합성속도, 세포 내 $CO_2$ 농도(Ci) 및 잎의 전분함량은 증가시켰다. 수체생장에 있어, 기온 상승은 나무당 총 신초수와 총 신초생장량을 증가시켰으나, $CO_2$ 상승은 평균 신초장을 감소시켰다. 과실품질에 있어, $CO_2$ 상승은 착색, 가용성 고형물 함량, 및 에틸렌 발생량을 증진시켰다. 결론적으로, $CO_2$ 농도가 상승되면 생육초기에 사과나무의 광합성속도가 증가되었으나 생육후기에는 $CO_2$ 상승에 따른 광합성속도 증진 효과가 감소되었다. 반면에 기온 상승은 생육초기 광합성속도를 감소시켰으나 생육후기에 광합성속도를 증진시키는 경향이 있었다. $CO_2$와 기온의 동시 상승은 각 요인에 의한 광합성 감소 정도가 줄어드는 경향이 있었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study was conducted to find out the influence of elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations and air temperature on photosynthesis and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees and to investigate these to the effects of climate change during the last four years (2009-2012). The treatments employed were: 'Ambient' (ambient temperature + ambient $CO_2$ concentration); 'High $CO_2$' (ambient temperature + elevated $CO_2$ concentration); 'High Temp'. (elevated temperature + ambient $CO_2$ concentration); and 'High $CO_2$ + High Temp'. (elevated temperature + elevated $CO_2$ concentration). The elevated temperature plots were maintained at $4^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient air temperature, while the elevated $CO_2$ plots were maintained at 700 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$. Annual treatment period was applied from end of April to beginning of November for four years. Results showed that elevated $CO_2$ decreased stomatal conductance and leaf SPAD value, but increased photosynthetic rate, intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (Ci), and starch content of mesophyll tissue. In the vegetative growth, elevated temperature increased total number of shoot and total shoot growth per tree, but elevated $CO_2$ decreased average shoot length. In the fruit quality, elevated $CO_2$ increased soluble solid content, fruit red color, and ethylene production. In conclusion, elevated $CO_2$ increased photosynthetic rate of apples during the early growth, but effect of increased photosynthetic rate due to elevated $CO_2$ was decreased during latter growth stage. Elevated temperature, on the other hand, tended to decrease photosynthetic rate of apples during the early growth, but that tended to increase during latter growth stage. Both elevated $CO_2$ and temperature tended to decrease the degree of decreased photosynthetic rate due to each factor.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	식물체의 광포화점의 특징은 무엇인가?	식물체의 광포화점은 기온과 CO2 농도에 따라 크게 변하는데, 생육 적온까지 기온이 높아질수록 광합성속 도는 높아지나 광포화점은 낮아지고, 또 CO2 포화점까지 공기 중의 CO2 농도가 높아질수록 광합성속도와 광포화점은 높아진다(Chae et al., 2006).
	대기 중 CO2 농도가 높아지면 나타나는 결과는 무엇인가?	대기 중 CO2 농도가 높아지면 식물들의 광합성과 건물생산성이 증대하는데(Byun et al., 2006; Chae et al.
	본 논문에서 수행한, 기온 및 CO2 농도 상승이 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 광합성 및과실품질에 미치는 영향에 관한 시험을 통해 얻은 결론은 무엇인가?	과실품질에 있어, CO2 상승은 착색, 가용성 고형물 함량, 및 에틸렌 발생량을 증진시켰다. 결론적으로, CO2 농도가 상승되면 생육초기에 사과나무의 광합성속도가 증가되었으나 생육후기에는 CO2 상승에 따른 광합성속도 증진 효과가 감소되었다. 반면에 기온 상승은 생육초기 광합성속도를 감소시켰으나 생육후기에 광합성속도를 증진시키는 경향이 있었다. CO2 와 기온의 동시 상승은 각 요인에 의한 광합성 감소 정도가 줄어드는 경향이 있었다.

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