Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine a separation method for each arsenic metabolite in urine by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Methods Separation of the arsenic metabolites was conducted in urine by using...
Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine a separation method for each arsenic metabolite in urine by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Methods Separation of the arsenic metabolites was conducted in urine by using a polymeric anion-exchange (Hamilton PRP X-100, $4.6mm{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) column on Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity LC system coupled to Agilent Technologies 7700 series ICP/MS equipment using argon as the plasma gas. Results All five important arsenic metabolites in urine were separated within 16 minutes in the order of arsenobetaine, arsenite, dimethylarsinate, monomethylarsonate and arsenate with detection limits ranging from 0.15 to $0.27{\mu}g/L$ ($40{\mu}L$ injection). We used G-EQUAS No. 52, the German external quality assessment scheme and standard reference material 2669, National Institute of Standard and Technology, to validate our analyses. Conclusions The method for separation of arsenic metabolites in urine was established by using HPLC-ICP-MS. This method contributes to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies for arsenic exposure in South Korea.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine a separation method for each arsenic metabolite in urine by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Methods Separation of the arsenic metabolites was conducted in urine by using a polymeric anion-exchange (Hamilton PRP X-100, $4.6mm{\times}150mm$, $5{\mu}m$) column on Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity LC system coupled to Agilent Technologies 7700 series ICP/MS equipment using argon as the plasma gas. Results All five important arsenic metabolites in urine were separated within 16 minutes in the order of arsenobetaine, arsenite, dimethylarsinate, monomethylarsonate and arsenate with detection limits ranging from 0.15 to $0.27{\mu}g/L$ ($40{\mu}L$ injection). We used G-EQUAS No. 52, the German external quality assessment scheme and standard reference material 2669, National Institute of Standard and Technology, to validate our analyses. Conclusions The method for separation of arsenic metabolites in urine was established by using HPLC-ICP-MS. This method contributes to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies for arsenic exposure in South Korea.
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문제 정의
It is well known that some seafoods contain arsenic, including arsenobetaine in crustaceans and arsen-osugars in seaweeds [18]. Thus, the aim of this study was to design an analytical procedure for separation of urinary arsenic metabolites by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Using this method, it will contribute to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, human health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies of arsenic exposure in South Korea.
제안 방법
In order to validate the analytical procedure, within-day and between-day precision measurements were conducted by calculating the average, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) using NIST SRM 2669 (Gaithersburg, MD, USA), and G-EQUAS No. 52. Accuracy was calculated by the recovery rate in all repeated analyses, using SRM 2669, and G-EQUAS No.
To validate analysis accuracy, calibration was performed several times and the average signal intensity value for each calibration was used to make the calibration curves. The calibration curves of each five point arsenic species showed satisfactory linearity for As3+, As5+, DMA, and MMA (Figure S1).
To validate whether this method for separation of arsenic metabolites using HPLC-ICP-MS is appropriate for human urine samples, we further applied this method using five human urine samples. These samples were obtained from the Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University (IRB 13-063, Dong-A Uni-versity Hospital).
대상 데이터
Over 5 replicates samples of the certified materials were used for the recovery test.
To validate whether this method for separation of arsenic metabolites using HPLC-ICP-MS is appropriate for human urine samples, we further applied this method using five human urine samples. These samples were obtained from the Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University (IRB 13-063, Dong-A Uni-versity Hospital). The concentrations of arsenic metabolites in these samples were obtained from five replicate HPLC-ICP-MS analyses, the results are shown in Table 5.
To validate repeatability and accuracy, we used two certified materials, NIST SRM 2669 and the G-EQUAS No. 52 urine sample. These certified materials provided the reference and tolerance values, enabling HPLC-ICP-MS to be used for the quantification of arsenic speciation.
이론/모형
This study was performed to evaluate arsenic speciation in urine using a HPLC-ICP-MS technique. Arsenic is of interest in the field of arsenic metabolites separation analysis due to different toxicities being associated with different chemical forms.
성능/효과
Thus, we used this approach to check whether there was any interference with quantitative determination of arsenic species in urine samples. Analysis of five human urine samples using HPLC-ICP-MS revealed that inorganic arsenic species did not exceed the range reported by ACGIH. On the other hand, organic arsenic, especially DMA, showed higher results compared to other reports.
999. Further recovery rates using the G-EQUAS No. 52 certified material were in accordance with those obtained by others, whose recoveries were in the range of 87 to 105% for As3+, 82 to 112% for DMA, 89 to 111% for MMA, and 91 to 107% for As5+ [25,26]. Thus, we used this approach to check whether there was any interference with quantitative determination of arsenic species in urine samples.
후속연구
Thus, the aim of this study was to design an analytical procedure for separation of urinary arsenic metabolites by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Using this method, it will contribute to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, human health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies of arsenic exposure in South Korea.
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