Rh doped Ni and Co catalysts, Rh-M/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ (0.2 wt % of Rh; M = Ni or Co, 20 wt %) were synthesized to produce hydrogen via autothermal reforming (ATR) of commercial gasoline at $700^{\circ}C$ under the conditions of a S/C ratio of 2.0, an O/C rati...
Rh doped Ni and Co catalysts, Rh-M/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ (0.2 wt % of Rh; M = Ni or Co, 20 wt %) were synthesized to produce hydrogen via autothermal reforming (ATR) of commercial gasoline at $700^{\circ}C$ under the conditions of a S/C ratio of 2.0, an O/C ratio of 0.84, and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of $20,000h^{-1}$. The Rh-Ni/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst (1) exhibited excellent activities, with $H_2$ and ($H_2$+CO) yields of 2.04 and 2.58 mol/mol C, respectively. In addition, this catalyst proved to be highly stable over 100 h without catalyst deactivation, as evidenced by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental analyses. Compared to 1, Rh-Co/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst (2) exhibited relatively low stability, and its activity decreased after 57 h. In line with this observation, elemental analyses confirmed that nearly no carbon species were formed at 1 while carbon deposits (10 wt %) were found at 2 following the reaction, which suggests that carbon coking is the main process for catalyst deactivation.
Rh doped Ni and Co catalysts, Rh-M/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ (0.2 wt % of Rh; M = Ni or Co, 20 wt %) were synthesized to produce hydrogen via autothermal reforming (ATR) of commercial gasoline at $700^{\circ}C$ under the conditions of a S/C ratio of 2.0, an O/C ratio of 0.84, and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of $20,000h^{-1}$. The Rh-Ni/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst (1) exhibited excellent activities, with $H_2$ and ($H_2$+CO) yields of 2.04 and 2.58 mol/mol C, respectively. In addition, this catalyst proved to be highly stable over 100 h without catalyst deactivation, as evidenced by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental analyses. Compared to 1, Rh-Co/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst (2) exhibited relatively low stability, and its activity decreased after 57 h. In line with this observation, elemental analyses confirmed that nearly no carbon species were formed at 1 while carbon deposits (10 wt %) were found at 2 following the reaction, which suggests that carbon coking is the main process for catalyst deactivation.
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가설 설정
Morphological changes of 1 and 2 after the ATR reactions were monitored by scanning electron microscope (SEM). As depicted in Figure 5, no significant changes were observed at the surface of 1. Moreover, no filamentous carbon species were found in the catalytic material. Consistent with this result, EDS analyses confirmed the formation of no carbon and/or sulfur species at the surface of 1.
제안 방법
Consistent with this result, EDS analyses confirmed the formation of no carbon and/or sulfur species at the surface of 1. Similarly, no significant changes were observed following the ATR reaction in the presence of 2. Since carbon and/or sulfur species could exist inside the spent-catalysts, elemental analyses were further conducted to accurately quantify the amounts of residual carbon and/or sulfur deposits after the ATR reactions. Carbon species existed at 1 were found to be less than 0.
대상 데이터
To prepare Rh-Ni/CeO2(20 wt %)-Al2O3 (1) and Rh-Co/CeO2(20 wt %)-Al2O3 (2), RhCl 3·xH2O (Alfa Aesar, 99.99%), Ni(NO3)2 (Sigma Aldrich), and Co(NO3)2 (Sigma Aldrich) were employed as metal precursors.
성능/효과
3 wt %, whereas those presented iN2 were determined to be 10 wt %. Notably, no sulfur containing products were formed on both 1 and 2. The absence of sulfur following the reforming reactions over 1 and 2 is consistent with a previous result for ATR reactions of iso-octance containing sulfur (100 ppm) over Ni/Fe/MgO/Al2O324 that afforded increased rates of carbon formation as the sulfur content in iso-octane increased. Note that carbon coking would induce catalyst deactivation.
참고문헌 (25)
Momirlan, M.; Vezirohlu, T. N. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2005, 30, 795-802.
Jung, Y.-G.; Kim, Y.; Lee, D. H.; Jang, S.-C.; Nam, S. W.; Han, J. H.; Hong, S.-A.; Choi, D.-K.; Yoon, C. W. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.09.093.
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