Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions after functional appliance treatment in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions. Methods: Pharyngeal airway dimensions were compared between subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusions (...
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions after functional appliance treatment in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions. Methods: Pharyngeal airway dimensions were compared between subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusions (n = 24; mean age: $11.6{\pm}1.29$ years) treated with a Class II bionator and age-matched control subjects with skeletal Class I occlusions (n = 24; mean age: $11.0{\pm}1.21$ years) using a series of lateral cephalograms obtained at the initial visit (T0), after treatment (T1), and at the completion of growth (T2). Results: The length of the nasopharyngeal region was similar between adolescents with skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions at all time points, while the lengths of the upper and lower oropharyngeal regions and the pharyngeal airway areas were significantly smaller in the skeletal Class II adolescents before treatment when compared to the control adolescents (p < 0.05). However, following treatment with a functional appliance, the skeletal Class II adolescents had increased pharyngeal airway dimensions, which became similar to those of the control subjects. Conclusions: Functional appliance therapy can increase the pharyngeal airway dimensions in growing adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions, and this effect is maintained until the completion of growth.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions after functional appliance treatment in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions. Methods: Pharyngeal airway dimensions were compared between subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusions (n = 24; mean age: $11.6{\pm}1.29$ years) treated with a Class II bionator and age-matched control subjects with skeletal Class I occlusions (n = 24; mean age: $11.0{\pm}1.21$ years) using a series of lateral cephalograms obtained at the initial visit (T0), after treatment (T1), and at the completion of growth (T2). Results: The length of the nasopharyngeal region was similar between adolescents with skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions at all time points, while the lengths of the upper and lower oropharyngeal regions and the pharyngeal airway areas were significantly smaller in the skeletal Class II adolescents before treatment when compared to the control adolescents (p < 0.05). However, following treatment with a functional appliance, the skeletal Class II adolescents had increased pharyngeal airway dimensions, which became similar to those of the control subjects. Conclusions: Functional appliance therapy can increase the pharyngeal airway dimensions in growing adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions, and this effect is maintained until the completion of growth.
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문제 정의
Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions treated only with functional appliances.
제안 방법
A two-sample t-test was conducted to compare intergroup differences in changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions. The interaction effect was calculated by using a linear mixed model in order to identify the relationship between the skeletal measurements and pharyngeal airway measurements. One operator examined all measurements.
The interaction effects between the skeletal measurements (SNA, SNB, ANB, gonial angle, Mn plane angle, Mx base, Mn base, and Mx-Mn) and pharyngeal airway measurements (D1, D2, D3, and Area) were examined using a linear mixed model. Gonial angle (p < 0.
The software program, V-Ceph 6.0 (Osstem Implant Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), was used to perform five linear and four angular measurements. A line was reconstructed 7o upward from the Sella-Nasion line at Nasion and was defined as the horizontal reference plane (HRP); a line perpendicular to the HRP and tangent to the anterior wall of Sella was defined as the vertical reference plane (VRP) (Figure 1).
Therefore, in this study, the narrowest distances from the posterior soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall and the narrowest distance from the posterior tongue base to the posterior pharyngeal wall were used as measurements for the upper and lower oropharyngeal regions, respectively. From a comparison of the bionator and control groups, adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions had significantly smaller oropharyngeal regions when compared to adolescents with skeletal Class I malocclusions at the initial visit (p < 0.
One operator examined all measurements. To evaluate the intra-operator reliability, the same operator reanalyzed 30 randomly selected cephalometric tracings in a two-week interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed a high reliability (> 0.
대상 데이터
A total of 24 subjects were included in the bionator group (mean age: 11.6 ± 1.29 years), and the mean treatment period with a Class II bionator was around 2 years.
For the control group, age-matched subjects (mean age: 11.0 ± 1.21 years) who were diagnosed as skeletal Class I (0o < ANB < 4o) with minor dental crowding and had serial lateral cephalograms (T0; T1, taken 2 years after T0; and T2) along with matching hand-wrist radiographs were selected.
데이터처리
Paired t-test was used to compare changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions within the groups during each observation period (T1-T0, T2-T1, and T2-T0). A two-sample t-test was conducted to compare intergroup differences in changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions. The interaction effect was calculated by using a linear mixed model in order to identify the relationship between the skeletal measurements and pharyngeal airway measurements.
The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for gender comparison of the pharyngeal airway measurements at T0. Two-sample t-test was conducted to compare measurements between the bionator and control group. Paired t-test was used to compare changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions within the groups during each observation period (T1-T0, T2-T1, and T2-T0).
성능/효과
For the overall changes from T0 to T2, the bionator group had significantly greater changes in D2, D3, and Area compared to those of the control group (p< 0.05).
This study showed that adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions treated with functional appliances experienced increased pharyngeal airway dimensions and that such changes were maintained throughout growth until the completion of growth.
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