Jang, Jae-Yeon
(Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine)
,
Kim, So-Yeon
(Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine)
,
Kim, Sun-Ja
(Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine)
,
Lee, Kyung-Eun
(Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine)
,
Cheong, Hae-Kwan
(Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
,
Kim, Eun-Hye
(Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
,
Choi, Kyung-Ho
(Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
,
Kim, Young-Hee
(Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Risk assessment considers the situations and characteristics of the exposure environment and host. Various physiological variables of the human body reflects the characteristics of the population that can directly influence risk exposure. Therefore, identification of exposure factors based on the Ko...
Risk assessment considers the situations and characteristics of the exposure environment and host. Various physiological variables of the human body reflects the characteristics of the population that can directly influence risk exposure. Therefore, identification of exposure factors based on the Korean population is required for appropriate risk assessment. It is expected that a handbook about general exposure factors will be used by professionals in many fields as well as the risk assessors of the health department. The process of developing the exposure factors handbook for the Korean population will be introduced in this article, with a specific focus on the general exposure factors including life expectancy, body weight, surface area, inhalation rates, amount of water intake, and soil ingestion targeting the Korean population. The researchers used national databases including the Life Table and the 2005 Time Use Survey from the National Statistical Office. The anthropometric study of size in Korea used the resources provided by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. In addition, direct measurement and questionnaire surveys of representative samples were performed to calculate the inhalation rate, drinking water intake, and soil ingestion.
Risk assessment considers the situations and characteristics of the exposure environment and host. Various physiological variables of the human body reflects the characteristics of the population that can directly influence risk exposure. Therefore, identification of exposure factors based on the Korean population is required for appropriate risk assessment. It is expected that a handbook about general exposure factors will be used by professionals in many fields as well as the risk assessors of the health department. The process of developing the exposure factors handbook for the Korean population will be introduced in this article, with a specific focus on the general exposure factors including life expectancy, body weight, surface area, inhalation rates, amount of water intake, and soil ingestion targeting the Korean population. The researchers used national databases including the Life Table and the 2005 Time Use Survey from the National Statistical Office. The anthropometric study of size in Korea used the resources provided by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. In addition, direct measurement and questionnaire surveys of representative samples were performed to calculate the inhalation rate, drinking water intake, and soil ingestion.
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문제 정의
The factors related to somatological variables are important elements of risk assessments and the management of harmful substances. This review investigates the general exposure factors including life expectancy, weight, body surface area, inhalation rate, intake of drinking water, and soil ingestion by the Korean population. The review summarizes the processes of making estimations as part of the research underlying the development of the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook in 2007.
제안 방법
Inhalation rate was classified into short-term inhalation rate to assess short-term exposure, and long-term inhalation rate to assess long-term exposure in daily life. For the survey of short-term inhalation rate, 193 subjects, aged between 10 and 49 years, were asked to perform an exercise stress session at various levels of intensity in the laboratory to measure their inhalation rate. Exercise stress involved resting, slow walking, fast walking, slow running, and fast running.
Heartbeats were measured during the experiment of shortterm inhalation rate to construct an optimal regression model that predicted inhalation rate from heartbeats, controlling for gender, age, and activity level. The average inhalation rate in daily life, according to the activity types, was obtained by investigating heartbeats and time activity patterns of 188 male and female adults for three days, including a weekday and weekend.
[13]’s research on the body surface areas of male and female adults in Korea was the largest and most recent study on the calculation of body surface area in the nation. It measured the entire body and body-part surface areas of 65 male and female adults (34 males, 31 females) in Korea using the alginate method, and it developed an equation to calculate body surface area based on the results.
Since intake of drinking water can vary across seasons, the recommended levels of the study were based on the average daily intake of drinking water in spring, to reflect the average temperature conditions of the nation. The results of the analysis reveal that the average daily intake of drinking water was 1502 mL, 1660 mL for men and 1346 mL for women.
The distribution of heartbeats by activity patterns were obtained from the accumulated data of all subjects on each activity. The data were converted into inhalation rate for each activity pattern by inserting the number of heartbeats into the regression equation for average inhalation rate.
The inhalation rate by activity pattern was applied to the data of the Time Use Survey of 2004 of the National Statistical Office [14] to build a inhalation rate database for 32 000 Korean people. The database was statistically analyzed to obtain long-term inhalation rates by gender, age, and activity level of Korean people [15].
The equation and ratio were applied to the body weight and height data from the 5th Body Measurement Project to calculate the distribution of values of the entire body and body-part surface area among the participants.
This review investigates the general exposure factors including life expectancy, weight, body surface area, inhalation rate, intake of drinking water, and soil ingestion by the Korean population. The review summarizes the processes of making estimations as part of the research underlying the development of the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook in 2007.
Although there are previous studies on the intake of drinking water in Korea, it is difficult to use the findings to estimate recommended values because of their limitations. These studies had extremely small group samples that were not representative of the population, or investigated only some aspects of drinking water. The present study used a sample that was proportional to the gender and age of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces across the nation.
At the time of the study, there were no data available to calculate the recommended levels for inhalation rate. Thus, the present study performed a direct measurement and data analysis. Inhalation rate was classified into short-term inhalation rate to assess short-term exposure, and long-term inhalation rate to assess long-term exposure in daily life.
대상 데이터
A total of 63 children, aged 0 to 7 years, participated in the investigation. The children were from kindergartens at three locations in Seoul and three locations in Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungnam.
The data on body weight and height came from the 5th Body Measurement Project for Korean People that was conducted by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy [12]. It was conducted at the city and county (gun) level across the nation in 2003 and 2004, directly measuring 16 217 Korean people aged 0 to 90. The present study divided the population into the age groups of 18 to 24 and 25 to 34 for the ease of comparison with foreign data.
A total of 63 children, aged 0 to 7 years, participated in the investigation. The children were from kindergartens at three locations in Seoul and three locations in Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungnam. Excrement samples were collected for 4 consecutive days and the body weight of all children were measured.
The data on body weight and height came from the 5th Body Measurement Project for Korean People that was conducted by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy [12]. It was conducted at the city and county (gun) level across the nation in 2003 and 2004, directly measuring 16 217 Korean people aged 0 to 90.
The present study used a sample that was proportional to the gender and age of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces across the nation. The sample was based on the population of autumn 2006 and consisted of subjects aged 20 or older from the online panel developed for polling surveys. The survey took place in May, the month in which the temperature reflects the average annual temperature of Korea and in August to track changes in drinking water intake by temperature.
참고문헌 (17)
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13 Lee JY Choi JW Kim H Determination of body surface area and formulas to estimate body surface area using the alginate method J Physiol Anthropol 2008 27 2 71 82 18379164
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16 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Japanese exposure factors handbook cited 2013 Dec 30 Available from: http://unit.aist.go.jp/riss/crm/exposurefactors/english_summary.html
17 Murray DM Burmaster DE Estimated distributions for total body surface area of men and women in the United States J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1992 2 4 451 461 1483029
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