[논문]Accumulation and Inhibitory Effects of Microcystin on the Growth of Rice and Broccoli

Maejima, Kazuhiko; Muraoka, Terukazu; Park, Ho-Dong

doi:10.11614/ksl.2014.47(s).019

Accumulation and Inhibitory Effects of Microcystin on the Growth of Rice and Broccoli 원문보기

생태와 환경 = Korean journal of ecology and environment, v.47 special issue, 2014년, pp.19 - 30

Maejima, Kazuhiko (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University) , Muraoka, Terukazu (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University) , Park, Ho-Dong (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are severe hepatotoxins for mammalian and protein phosphatase inhibitors. Irrigation water for grain and vegetables is often contaminated with cyanobacteria and microcystin during warm seasons. We assessed the effects of various concentrations (0, 0.01 to $10{\mu}gmL^{-1}$) of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) exposure on Oryza sativa (rice) and Brassica oleraces var. italica (broccoli). The $EC_{50}$ of leaves and roots of rice was 0.9 and $1.1{\mu}gMC-LRmL^{-1}$, respectively. The no observed effect level (NOEL) of rice was less than $0.1{\mu}gmL^{-1}$ ($100{\mu}gL^{-1}$). The $EC_{50}$ of the stems and roots of broccoli was 8.7 and $7.2{\mu}gMC-RRmL^{-1}$, respectively. There was no difference in the germination rate of broccoli among microcystin-RR concentrations. After exposure to 0, 0.01 to $10{\mu}gmL^{-1}$ MC-RR for seven days, 14, 89 and 154 ng mg-1 (dry weight) MC-RR accumulated in B. oleracea. These $EC_{50}$ values showed that microcystin-LR and -RR affected the growth of rice and broccoli. These findings suggest that MC is carried into terrestrial ecosystems via irrigation, and that the biota of higher ecological niches can be influenced by MC through bioaccumulation. Therefore, a guideline for MC concentrations in irrigation water should be set using the NOEL.

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문제 정의

The last author, Ho-Dong Park, would like to many thanks and pray for the souls of the late Professor Kyu Song Cho. This paper is dedicated to the late Professor Cho who contributed to the guidance of many young scientists and development of South Korea Limnology.

제안 방법

The purified microcystin fractions were injected into an HPLC (ChromNAV, Jasco, Tokyo, Japan) using a syringe for qualitative analysis of microcystin-LR and RR. The multi-wavelength detector (MD-2015Plus, Jasco, Tokyo, Japan) was set to 238 nm, and the intelligent column oven (Jasco, Tokyo, Japan) was set to 40°C.

대상 데이터

Cellulose papers were placed inside glass vessels, after which dechlorinated water containing microcystin-RR of known concentration was added and 20 broccoli seeds were placed on the papers. The broccoli was then exposed to microcystin-RR in the incubation room at 22.
Glass vessels (diameter 100 mm×height 44 mm, volume 200 mL) were used as incubation containers, which were placed in an incubation room.
Plastic vessels (PET, diameter 100 mm×height 44 mm, volume 200 mL) were used as incubation containers, and the plants were incubated in a Biotron LH200-RDS incubator (Osaka, Japan).

데이터처리

Differences among groups of broccoli (the lengths of true leaves, shoots and roots, dry weight, and chlorophyll-a) were determined by one-way ANOVA. Results were considered significant at P<.
Significant differences in rice (true leaves and seminal roots) were identified by one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), which was conducted using Excel 2000 (SSRI, social information service). Results were considered significant at a P<.

이론/모형

The amount of chlorophyll-a (μg mg-1 dry weight) was calculated using the UNESCO method (1966).

성능/효과

Pflugmacher (2002) reported the recovery of the amounts of photosynthetic oxygen evolved, and also the detoxifying processes of microcystin in aquatic macrophytes. In their study, Ceratophyllum demersum was exposed to microcystins for 24 hours, and the photosynthetic oxygen evolution was recovered after five days. They suggested that this recovery of photosynthetic oxygen-evolving production was caused by 1) detoxification through GST (glutathione S-transferases) and 2) promotion of protein transformation by fixation of D1 protein of photosynthetic organs and MC-LR.
The results of this study confirmed that exposure to microcystin-LR and -RR affected the growth of rice and pigmentation of broccoli. The findings presented here also revealed that microcystin-RR accumulated in exposed broccoli.

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