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선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
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최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
제안 방법
- A four channel surface EMG system (MP30, Biopack, USA) was used to measure the muscle activity and EMG signals were recorded with pre-amplified electrodes (Biopack System, Biopack, USA) in this study. Three muscles such as upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) were selected as the target muscles to obtain EMG signals.
- All tests were performed by skilled physical therapists and the therapists were blinded. After setup was completed, muscle activity was measure d during overhead reaching task for three repetitions, three sessions During overhead reaching task, subjects were asked to raise their right arm from a position of arms relaxed at their side up to 180 degree at a self-selected speed with their elbow straight and non-elevated shoulder and a weight equal to 3% of body weight is needed to be lifted in that task. Subjects were provided with 30-second break to avoid muscle fatigue.
- This is a single session, repeated measures study. All subjects were in three sitting positions: habitual head posture (HHP), self-perceived ideal head posture (SIHP), and therapistperceived neutral head posture (TNHP). In HHP, subjects were asked to sit on the chair comfortably with verbal instruction like ‘sit as you usually do’ with looking at the fixed point straight ahead.
- Subjects were divided into two groups, FHRSP group and Non-FHRSP group according to FHA and FSA. All subjects were instructed to pose three head/ shoulder postures: HHP, SIHP, and TNHP. Muscle activities of UT, LT and SA were measured during overhead reaching task to assess the difference of muscle activity among three postures.
- All EMG recordings were conducted during overhead reaching task. EMG signal data were converted to digital signals using Acqknowlege software (Biopac System, Biopack, USA) for statistical analysis. EMG data were sampled at 1000 Hz and bandpass was filtered between 10 and 500 Hz.
- Each posture was held for 10 seconds, repeated three times with a 10-second relaxation between each trial. Each measurement was conducted three times in three different days to avoid the learning effects and muscle fatigue. The average value of angles and muscle activities was used for statistical analysis.
- Head/Shoulder angle, such as FHA and FSA were measured using photogrammetry to diagnose FHRSP. In recent studies, it is reported that measurement of angles between anatomical references is well-known to be effective on evaluating the changes of the head/shoulder posture.
- Postural data of the FHRSP were collected using a digital imaging technique to evaluate head, neck, and shoulder posture in the sitting position. A digital camera (EOS 1000D, Cannon, Japan) was placed at a tripod 1 m high and 3.
- First, we didn’t investigate other muscles which can affect the head/shoulder kinematics. Second, characteristics of personal habitual posture were not assessed in this study, because the aim of this study was just to find the following effects according to different postures. Prospective studies should consider the diverse muscles and possibility of personal habitual posture related to various movements of scapular and shoulder.
- The values of the first and last one second were discarded and the mean RMS of middle 3 seconds was calculated during humeral elevation. The %MVIC was measured three times and 60-second breaks were provided between each MVIC trial, and then the mean %MVIC during ascending motions was calculated for statistical analysis.
- Subjects were provided with 30-second break to avoid muscle fatigue. The root mean square (RMS) values were calculated and the maximal EMG signals were obtained to normalize the EMG values during 5-sencond maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). The values of the first and last one second were discarded and the mean RMS of middle 3 seconds was calculated during humeral elevation.
- Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the following effects according to different postures on scapular kinematics and muscle activity around scapular region by comparing three different head postures, habitual head posture (HHP), self-perceived ideal head posture (SIHP) and therapist-perceived neutral head posture (TNHP).
대상 데이터
- Postural data of the FHRSP were collected using a digital imaging technique to evaluate head, neck, and shoulder posture in the sitting position. A digital camera (EOS 1000D, Cannon, Japan) was placed at a tripod 1 m high and 3.5 m from the wall on a fixed base without rotation or tilt. All subjects were instructed to sit on the chair beside background wall to take capture of saggital plane of their upper body.
- Thirty pain-free subjects with/without the forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP) were recruited from university campus (Table 1). Subjects were excluded if they reported a history of neck and shoulder pain or any current pain, upper limb injury, displayed musculoskeletal pathology of cervical or thoracic, and neurological disorders limiting activities.
데이터처리
- Demographic data, such as gender, age, height, and weight were analyzed by an independent t-test. In order to separate two groups, FHA and FSA, independent t-test was used again.
- Demographic data, such as gender, age, height, and weight were analyzed by an independent t-test. In order to separate two groups, FHA and FSA, independent t-test was used again. The effect of the head/shoulder posture between two groups was determined using a 3 (head/shoulder postures: HHP, SIHP and TNHP) x 2 (groups: FHRSP, Non-FHRSP) ANOVA with repeated measures on three dependent variables (muscle activities of UT, LT, and SA).
- In order to separate two groups, FHA and FSA, independent t-test was used again. The effect of the head/shoulder posture between two groups was determined using a 3 (head/shoulder postures: HHP, SIHP and TNHP) x 2 (groups: FHRSP, Non-FHRSP) ANOVA with repeated measures on three dependent variables (muscle activities of UT, LT, and SA). All statistical analyses were performed using PASW 18.
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