Mahdavi, Seyed Mohammad
(Department of Biology, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University)
,
Sahraei, Hedayat
(Neuroscience Research Center, Bagiyatallah University of Medical Sciences)
,
Yaghmaei, Parichehreh
(Department of Biology, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University)
,
Tavakoli, Hassan
(Neuroscience Research Center, Bagiyatallah University of Medical Sciences)
Studies have demonstrated that electromagnetic waves, as the one of the most important physical factors, may alter cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors, depending on the frequency and energy. Moreover, non-ionizing radiation of low energy waves e.g. very low frequency waves could alter this phenome...
Studies have demonstrated that electromagnetic waves, as the one of the most important physical factors, may alter cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors, depending on the frequency and energy. Moreover, non-ionizing radiation of low energy waves e.g. very low frequency waves could alter this phenomenon via alterations in neurotransmitters and neurohormones. In this study, short, medium, and long-term exposure to the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) (1 and 5 Hz radiation) on behavioral, hormonal, and metabolic changes in male Wistar rats (250 g) were studied. In addition, changes in plasma concentrations for two main stress hormones, noradrenaline and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were evaluated. ELF-EMF exposure did not alter body weight, and food and water intake. Plasma glucose level was increased and decreased in the groups which exposed to the 5 and 1Hz wave, respectively. Plasma ACTH concentration increased in both using frequencies, whereas noradrenaline concentration showed overall reduction. At last, numbers of rearing, sniffing, locomotor activity was increased in group receiving 5 Hz wave over the time. In conclusions, these data showed that the effects of 1 and 5 Hz on the hormonal, metabolic and stress-like behaviors may be different. Moreover, the influence of waves on stress system is depending on time of exposure.
Studies have demonstrated that electromagnetic waves, as the one of the most important physical factors, may alter cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors, depending on the frequency and energy. Moreover, non-ionizing radiation of low energy waves e.g. very low frequency waves could alter this phenomenon via alterations in neurotransmitters and neurohormones. In this study, short, medium, and long-term exposure to the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) (1 and 5 Hz radiation) on behavioral, hormonal, and metabolic changes in male Wistar rats (250 g) were studied. In addition, changes in plasma concentrations for two main stress hormones, noradrenaline and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were evaluated. ELF-EMF exposure did not alter body weight, and food and water intake. Plasma glucose level was increased and decreased in the groups which exposed to the 5 and 1Hz wave, respectively. Plasma ACTH concentration increased in both using frequencies, whereas noradrenaline concentration showed overall reduction. At last, numbers of rearing, sniffing, locomotor activity was increased in group receiving 5 Hz wave over the time. In conclusions, these data showed that the effects of 1 and 5 Hz on the hormonal, metabolic and stress-like behaviors may be different. Moreover, the influence of waves on stress system is depending on time of exposure.
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제안 방법
Animals were allowed to adapt to the laboratory conditions for at least 1 week before radiation. All experiments were performed between 12:00 and 14:00 h and each rat was tested only once. All procedures in this study are in accordance with the guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals as adopted by the Ethics Committee of Baqiyatallah (a.
Because of this, we want to investigate the effects and side effects of application of these waves on rat animal models, with this goal that these waves can be used for the treatment of stress and other behavioral abnormality. In this study, using 1 and 5 Hz ELF-EMF waves with frequencies proportional to the frequencies of brain, behaviors and stress hormone secretion after Acute and Chronic exposure were assessed.
The animals were housed four per cage, in a room under a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle (lights on 07:00 h) and controlled temperature (23 ± 1°C) with free access to food and water.
During the experiment days 400 g rat chew and 150 ml tap water were placed in each cage. Twenty four hours before and 24 hours after the irradiation the reminder food and water were calculated as water and food intake index.
대상 데이터
Blood samples, brain, adrenal gland were collected for further analysis. Eight animals were used in each experimental group. The time-line of the experiments procedure is shown in Fig.
Male Wistar rats (Pasture Institute, Tehran, Iran) weighing 250 ± 10 g at the time of experiments were used (n=8/group).
The animals were placed in an open field container (30×30×40 cm high), which its floor was divided to 16 equal-sized squares.
데이터처리
Further analyses for individual between-groups comparisons were carried out with post hoc Tukey’s test.
이론/모형
ACTH and corticosterone, and adrenaline as major stress hormones were determined by an ELISA method. Blood samples were collected in the Ependorf tubes with 5% EDTA and were centrifuged in 4o C for 5 min in 3000 RPM.
Two-Way Analysis of (Two-Way ANOVA) using time and frequency as the factors was applied. Further analyses for individual between-groups comparisons were carried out with post hoc Tukey’s test.
성능/효과
Another explanation is that exposure to the field can affects all parts of the body indifferently and hyper or hypo activity of different organs may be observed despite of their biologic activity and their natural role. In the last part of the experiments, results indicated that plasma adrenaline level also affected by the field exposure in 1 Hz frequency. Adrenaline is considered as a stress hormone which is released especially after a physical stress exposure (Gunnar and Quevedo, 2007).
The key founding of this study showed that exposure to the ELF-EMFat 1 Hz and 5 Hz frequencies did not alter body weight, and food and water intake, while increased ACTH concentration level in both using frequencies (1 and 5 Hz). These interventions have different effect on stress related behaviors including numbers of rearing and sniffing (1 Hz did not alter these behaviors, while 5 Hz did), locomotor activity (1 Hz and 5 Hz did not and increased this behavior, respectively), anorexic time (1 Hz increase but 5 Hz decrease), plasma adrenaline (1 Hz increased and 5 Hz decreased), corticosterone (both 1 Hz and 5 Hz decreased) concentrations.
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