Gomez-Rosales, S.
(Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, UNAM)
,
Angeles, M. De L.
(National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology, National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock)
The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, the retention of nutrients and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of a wor...
The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, the retention of nutrients and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of a worm leachate (WL) as a source of humic substances (HS) in the drinking water. In Exp. 1, 140 male broilers were penned individually and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water from 21 to 49 days of age. Water was offered in plastic bottles tied to the cage. In Exp. 2, 600 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age housed in floor pens were assigned to three levels of WL (0%, 10%, and 20%) mixed in the drinking water. The WL was mixed with tap water in plastic containers connected by plastic tubing to bell drinkers. The results of both experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts. In Exp. 1, the daily water consumption was similar among treatments but the consumption of humic, fulvic, and total humic acids increased linearly (p<0.01) as the WL increased in the drinking water. The feed conversion (p<0.01) and the ileal digestibility of energy, the excretion of dry matter and energy, the retention of dry matter, ash and nitrogen and the AMEn showed quadratic responses (p<0.05) relative to the WL levels in drinking water. In Exp. 2, the increasing level of WL in the drinking water had quadratic effects on the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The addition of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water had beneficial effects on the growth performance, ileal digestibility of energy, the retention of nutrients as well on the AMEn in broiler chickens; the best results were observed when the WL was mixed at levels of 20% to 30% in the drinking water.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, the retention of nutrients and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of a worm leachate (WL) as a source of humic substances (HS) in the drinking water. In Exp. 1, 140 male broilers were penned individually and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water from 21 to 49 days of age. Water was offered in plastic bottles tied to the cage. In Exp. 2, 600 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age housed in floor pens were assigned to three levels of WL (0%, 10%, and 20%) mixed in the drinking water. The WL was mixed with tap water in plastic containers connected by plastic tubing to bell drinkers. The results of both experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts. In Exp. 1, the daily water consumption was similar among treatments but the consumption of humic, fulvic, and total humic acids increased linearly (p<0.01) as the WL increased in the drinking water. The feed conversion (p<0.01) and the ileal digestibility of energy, the excretion of dry matter and energy, the retention of dry matter, ash and nitrogen and the AMEn showed quadratic responses (p<0.05) relative to the WL levels in drinking water. In Exp. 2, the increasing level of WL in the drinking water had quadratic effects on the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The addition of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water had beneficial effects on the growth performance, ileal digestibility of energy, the retention of nutrients as well on the AMEn in broiler chickens; the best results were observed when the WL was mixed at levels of 20% to 30% in the drinking water.
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문제 정의
, 2010); however, the use of worm leachate (WL) as natural source of HS has not been tested in broiler chickens. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy and the retention of nutrients in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water.
제안 방법
This research was revised and approved by the Ethical Committee of Animal Use of the National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology, National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock. Two experiments were carried out in broiler chickens, one in holding pens (Exp. 1) and one in floor pens (Exp. 2), in which the WL was added to the drinking water. In both experiments, the same batch of WL was used.
One hundred and forty Ross B308 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age were used. Broilers were penned individually in holding mesh-floored cages with a metal feeder and a cup drinker in a naturally ventilated unit and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water. The diets were based on corn and soybean meal and formulated to meet or exceed the nutritional requirements according to the strain and phase of production.
Body weight per pen was registered at the beginning and end of the trial and the feed offered and refused was also registered every week to determine the feed intake (g/d), weight gain (g/d) and feed conversion. At the end of the experiment, and after a fasting period of 12 h, five broilers from each pen were slaughtered to evaluate carcass weight and its components (breast, legs, thighs, and abdominal fat).
대상 데이터
One hundred and forty Ross B308 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age were used. Broilers were penned individually in holding mesh-floored cages with a metal feeder and a cup drinker in a naturally ventilated unit and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water.
Six hundred Ross B308 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age housed in floor pens (25 birds/pen) were used. Broilers were assigned to three levels of WL (0%, 10%, and 20%) mixed in the drinking water.
2, for the growth performance analysis, the experimental unit was each pen and there were eight pens per treatment. For carcass analysis, the experimental unit was each broiler and there were 30 replicate birds per treatment. Polynomial contrasts were used to test for linear, quadratic and cubic patterns (Exp.
데이터처리
In both experiments, all statistical analysis were conducted using one-way analysis of variance in accordance with a completely randomized design, following the procedures of the general lineal models of SAS (1990). The model used was
성능/효과
05) relative to the WL levels in the drinking water, being lowest at 0% WL, intermediate at 10% and 20% WL and highest at 30% WL. The improved retention of dry matter, ash and nitrogen and AMEn were in the order of 3%, 39%, 6%, and 2.6% at 30% WL compared to the 0% WL. The greatest benefit in the ash retention coincides with the increased tibia ash observed in broilers fed a source of HS (Eren et al.
05) on the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (Table 5). The highest responses in final body weight and weight gain and lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in broiler chickens receiving 20% WL and were in the order of 3.0%, 5.5%, and 5.1% compared to 0% WL. The daily feed intake, carcass weight and its components were similar among the different levels of WL.
The addition of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water of broiler chickens had beneficial effects on the growth performance, ileal digestibility of energy and the retention of nutrients, as well as on the AMEn, which agrees with the findings of several previous reports, mainly in broiler chickens, laying hens, pigs and rats. The best results were observed when the WL was mixed at levels of 20% to 30% in the drinking water. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed and discussed to explain the benefits of HS on the performance and health of animals, but there are no conclusive explanations.
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