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미생물에 의한 단세포유지의 생산과 이용
Single Cell Oil-Recent Trends in Microbial Production and Utilization 원문보기

한국식품과학회지 = Korean journal of food science and technology, v.47 no.6, 2015년, pp.687 - 697  

김용노 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 바이오시스템소재학부) ,  윤석후 (우석대학교 식품과학대학 식품생명공학과)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

단세포유지 생산에 이용되는 미생물은 효모, 곰팡이, 미세조류 등이다. 단세포유지의 생산 효율은 배지의 조성을 조절하여 영양공급을 최적화하거나, 배양 조건을 조절하거나, 최신의 생명공학기술을 활용하여 균주를 개량함으로써 증가시킬 수 있다. 단세포유지를 상업적으로 대량 생산하기 위해서는 값이 싼 탄소원을 확보하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하므로 지구 상에 풍부한 섬유질 자원을 활용하는 방법이 주목을 끌고 있다. 미세조류는 대기 중의 탄산가스를 탄소원으로 이용하므로 탄소원의 비용이 들지 않는 는 장점이 있다. 단세포유지 생산 미생물의 유전자를 조작하거나 대사공학기술을 이용하는 방법은 균주의 생산성을 획기적으로 높이기도 한다. 단세포유지는 그 동안 식품, 사료, 의약품 등으로 사용되어 왔으나 최근에는 바이오디젤(biodiesel)의 원료로도 사용될 수 있어 또 다른 관심을 끌고 있다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

With the shortage of edible fats and oils and depletion of fossil fuels in many countries, microbial lipids is emerging as one of the most promising sources of fats and oils in the global market. Oleaginous microorganisms, also called single cell oils (SCOs), can accumulate lipids more than 25% in t...

주제어

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
고도불포화지방산을 생산할 수 있는 주요 곰팡이는 무엇인가? 이들은 체내에서 독특한 생리적 기능을 가지고 있어 고부가가치 물질로 각광받고 있다(5). 고도불포화지방산(polyunsaturated acid, PUFA)을 생산하는 주요 곰팡이는 Cunninghamella 속, Mortierella 속, Mucor 속, Rhizopus 속, Thamnidium 속, Conidiobolus 속, Saprolegnia 속, Blastocladiella 속, Pythium 속, Thraustochytrium 속, Schyzochytrium 속 균 등으로서 이들을 감자 녹말 폐수, 자일 로스, 포도당, 해바라기 기름, 옥수수 대 등에서 배양하면 약 19-65% (건조균체 기준)의 유지를 함유한 바이오매스를 얻을 수 있다.
미생물을 이용한 유지생산이 다시 관심 받게 된 배경은 무엇인가? 그러나 그 동안 미생물을 이용한 유지생산은 저가의 동식물성 유지 생산과 비교하여 경제성이 없어 실용화에 어려움을 겪어 왔다. 그러나 근래 들어 분자생물학과 발효공학의 발달로 미생물 유지 생산 수율이 급격히 높아지고, 고도불포화지방산과 같은 고가의 지방질 제품을 생산하는 상업적 기술이 개발되고, 바이오디젤과 같은 새로운 수요가 창출되면서 미생물을 이용한 유지 생산에 관한 관심은 새로운 전기를 맞이하게 되었다(2). 단세포유지는 단세포단백질과는 달리 식용, 사료용 이외에도 공업용 원료로도 사용될 수 있으므로, 소비자들이 선호도, 법적 규제 등의 문제는 상대적으로 작은 것으로 사료되기 때문이다.
단세포유지의 생산 효율은 어떻게 올릴 수 있는가? 단세포유지 생산에 이용되는 미생물은 효모, 곰팡이, 미세조류 등이다. 단세포유지의 생산 효율은 배지의 조성을 조절하여 영양공급을 최적화하거나, 배양 조건을 조절하거나, 최신의 생명공학기술을 활용하여 균주를 개량함으로써 증가시킬 수 있다. 단세포유지를 상업적으로 대량 생산하기 위해서는 값이 싼 탄소원을 확보하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하므로 지구 상에 풍부한 섬유질 자원을 활용하는 방법이 주목을 끌고 있다.
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

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