[국내논문]저영향 개발기법의 침투도랑과 나무여과상자 적용 후 수문학적 효과 평가 Evaluation on the Hydrologic Effects after Applying an Infiltration Trench and a Tree Box Filter as Low Impact Development (LID) Techniques원문보기
도시화는 자연적 물순환을 왜곡하고 다양한 오염물질을 배출하여 환경 및 생태계에 영향을 끼친다. 특히 도시화로 인한 수문특성의 변화는 지하수위 저하, 첨두유량 증가로 인한 도시홍수 유발, 비점오염물질 배출 부하량 증가 등의 영향을 끼치기에 한국을 비롯한 선진국에서는 강우유출수 관리방안으로 LID 적용을 국가적 목표로 하고 있다. 그러나 LID를 적용하였을 때의 수문학적 물순환 개선 및 환경적 효과에 대한 실험적 검증결과가 부족하여 LID의 적용과 확산이 낮은 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 LID 기술 중에서 침투도랑과 나무여과상자를 적용한 이후 수문학적 효과를 실험적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에 적용된 침투도랑과 나무여과상자는 배수면적의 약 1%에 해당하는 면적을 가진 규모이며, 수문학적 효과 평가는 2010년 7월부터 2014년 7월까지 수행된 총 22회의 강우사상 모니터링 결과를 이용하였다. LID 적용 이후 침투와 저류로 인하여 첨두유량은 크게 감소하였으며, 첨두유량 발생시간도 크게 지체되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 LID 시설의 침투와 저류기능은 강우유출수의 발생빈도, 유출발생시간 및 유출량을 크게 낮춘 것으로 나타나 LID 적용이 수문기능 회복에 크게 기여하는 것으로 분석되었다. 최대 첨두유량의 저감의 경우, 강우량이 30~40mm 정도일 때 침투도랑에서 약 61%였으며, 나무여과상자에서 33%였다. 이러한 연구결과로 볼 때 LID는 수문기능 개선에 크게 기여하는 것으로 평가되었으며, LID 설계시 저류능력과 배수면적이 중요한 설계인자가 될 수 있다는 결론을 도출하였다.
도시화는 자연적 물순환을 왜곡하고 다양한 오염물질을 배출하여 환경 및 생태계에 영향을 끼친다. 특히 도시화로 인한 수문특성의 변화는 지하수위 저하, 첨두유량 증가로 인한 도시홍수 유발, 비점오염물질 배출 부하량 증가 등의 영향을 끼치기에 한국을 비롯한 선진국에서는 강우유출수 관리방안으로 LID 적용을 국가적 목표로 하고 있다. 그러나 LID를 적용하였을 때의 수문학적 물순환 개선 및 환경적 효과에 대한 실험적 검증결과가 부족하여 LID의 적용과 확산이 낮은 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 LID 기술 중에서 침투도랑과 나무여과상자를 적용한 이후 수문학적 효과를 실험적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에 적용된 침투도랑과 나무여과상자는 배수면적의 약 1%에 해당하는 면적을 가진 규모이며, 수문학적 효과 평가는 2010년 7월부터 2014년 7월까지 수행된 총 22회의 강우사상 모니터링 결과를 이용하였다. LID 적용 이후 침투와 저류로 인하여 첨두유량은 크게 감소하였으며, 첨두유량 발생시간도 크게 지체되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 LID 시설의 침투와 저류기능은 강우유출수의 발생빈도, 유출발생시간 및 유출량을 크게 낮춘 것으로 나타나 LID 적용이 수문기능 회복에 크게 기여하는 것으로 분석되었다. 최대 첨두유량의 저감의 경우, 강우량이 30~40mm 정도일 때 침투도랑에서 약 61%였으며, 나무여과상자에서 33%였다. 이러한 연구결과로 볼 때 LID는 수문기능 개선에 크게 기여하는 것으로 평가되었으며, LID 설계시 저류능력과 배수면적이 중요한 설계인자가 될 수 있다는 결론을 도출하였다.
In this research, the hydrologic effects between a pre-existing urban landuse and low impact development (LID) applied conditions were compared and evaluated. The infiltration trench and tree box filter that were utilized in LID represent only 1% of the catchment area that they drain. Storm event mo...
In this research, the hydrologic effects between a pre-existing urban landuse and low impact development (LID) applied conditions were compared and evaluated. The infiltration trench and tree box filter that were utilized in LID represent only 1% of the catchment area that they drain. Storm event monitoring were conducted from July 2010 to July 2014 on a total of 22 storm events in both LID sites. After LID, hydrological improvement was observed as the sites exhibited a delay (lag time) or reduction in the magnitude, frequency and duration of runoff and flow peaks as the rainfall progress. In addition, the maximum irreducible peak flow reduction for infiltration trench was found to be 61% and 33% for the tree box filter when rainfall was 40 mm and 30 mm, respectively. In designing LID, it is recommended to consider the storage capacity and catchment area, as well as the amount of rainfall and runoff on the site.
In this research, the hydrologic effects between a pre-existing urban landuse and low impact development (LID) applied conditions were compared and evaluated. The infiltration trench and tree box filter that were utilized in LID represent only 1% of the catchment area that they drain. Storm event monitoring were conducted from July 2010 to July 2014 on a total of 22 storm events in both LID sites. After LID, hydrological improvement was observed as the sites exhibited a delay (lag time) or reduction in the magnitude, frequency and duration of runoff and flow peaks as the rainfall progress. In addition, the maximum irreducible peak flow reduction for infiltration trench was found to be 61% and 33% for the tree box filter when rainfall was 40 mm and 30 mm, respectively. In designing LID, it is recommended to consider the storage capacity and catchment area, as well as the amount of rainfall and runoff on the site.
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문제 정의
(2007) reported that after the application of common LID technologies on a residential area, the start of runoff-to-peak flow time was increased by almost 30% and peak flow was reduced for an estimate of 80%. This research was conducted to evaluate the hydrologic effects of the infiltration trench (IT) and tree box filter (TBF) employed in LID for the management of stormwater runoff in a road and parking lot landuse inside a university campus.
제안 방법
The rainfall data for all the storm events were obtained from the Korean Meteorological Association (KMA). Flow measurements were manually conducted at the inflow and outflow units of the infiltration trench and tree box filter in five minute interval from the start until the end of runoff/ outflow. The flow rates were calculated as the volume of runoff collected in a graduated container or volumetric flask per unit time.
Continuing urbanization imposed significant strains to the environment alongside with the climate change necessitating a need for a more sustainable stormwater practices like LID. In this research, the infiltration trench and tree box filter were utilized to implement the LID principle of restoring the hydrologic functions in urban catchments. Based on the results, it was found out that the magnitude of runoff and peak flows was dependent on the landuse characteristics such as imperviousness, slope, runoff interceptors, and most importantly the rainfall amount and intensity.
대상 데이터
The two LID sites were located inside the Kongju National University campus grounds in Cheonan City, South Korea (36°51'1.11"N, 127°9'0.23"E).
성능/효과
The maximum monitored peak flow before LID (infiltration trench, 16 m3/hr and tree box filter, 8 m3/hr) was reduced by 58% and 32% in the infiltration trench and tree box filter sites, respectively. Based on the regression analyses, insignificant increase in peak flow reduction was observed when rainfall was 40 and 30 mm for infiltration trench and tree box filter, respectively indicating that the maximum possible peak flow reduction was attainable at about 61% for infiltration trench and 33% for tree box filter.
Based on the results, it was found out that the magnitude of runoff and peak flows was dependent on the landuse characteristics such as imperviousness, slope, runoff interceptors, and most importantly the rainfall amount and intensity.
Apparently, in the infiltration trench the average flows were greatly reduced; while the tree box filter was able to reduce the peak flows even not reducing a huge amount of runoff volume. Comparing the two, it was revealed that the infiltration trench having a larger storage capacity and subjected to high runoff and flows was able to perform more efficiently than the tree box filter. However, considering the catchment area of the infiltration trench that was only 13% larger than the tree box filter, the current storage capacity of the tree box filter could be maximize when applied to a smaller catchment.
Findings revealed that rainfall was the limiting factor in volume reduction and rainfall intensity in peak flow reduction indicating that as the rainfall increases so as the runoff volume, and as the rainfall intensity increases so as the peak flows; the reduction in runoff volume and peak flows after LID was becoming more evident. In the infiltration trench, the runoff volume and average flows were greatly reduced; while the tree box filter was still able to reduce the peak flows even not reducing a huge amount of runoff volume.
The rainfall intensity showed a more apparent influence on the peak flow reduction compared to rainfall particularly in the infiltration trench site. For every unit increase in rainfall intensity, the average reduction in peak flow after LID was approximately 30% in the infiltration trench while only more than 5% in the tree box filter. The average monitored rainfall intensity on the sites (infiltration trench, 2.
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