[논문]공중 손동작 인식을 위한 핸드 헬드형 기기의 설계 및 평가

서경은; 조현중

doi:10.3745/ktsde.2015.4.2.91

초록
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본 논문에서는 원격디스플레이를 제어하기 위하여 공중에서 섬세한 손동작을 인식할 수 있는 핸드 헬드형 포인팅 디바이스인 AirPincher를 제안한다. AirPincher는 현재 존재하고 있는 손동작 인식 기술 중 장갑을 이용한 기술과 디스플레이 근처에 설치하는 카메라를 이용한 기술의 단점을 극복하기 위해 고안되었다. 장갑을 이용한 기술은 사용 시 매번 탈착을 해야 하는 불편함이 존재하고 설치형 카메라를 이용한 기술은 사용자와 원격 디스플레이 간의 거리에 따라 제스처 인식 효율이 상이한 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 AirPincher는 사용자가 한 손으로 디바이스를 잡고 사용하도록 설계되었다. 손가락 동작은 AirPincher에 탑재되어있는 근접한 센서들에 의해 인식되어 섬세한 손가락 움직임을 인식할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 AirPincher를 사용하는 두 가지 포인팅 방법을 제안하고 이들의 성능을 분석하기 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 실험은 AirPincher를 사용하기 위한 공중에서의 효율적인 가상 입력공간의 크기를 찾는 실험과 AirPincher를 사용한 연속 포인팅 방법과 불연속 포인팅 방법을 비교하는 실험으로 구성되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We propose AirPincher, a handheld pointing device for recognizing delicate mid-air hand gestures to control a remote display. AirPincher is designed to overcome disadvantages of the two kinds of existing hand gesture-aware techniques such as glove-based and vision-based. The glove-based techniques c...

We propose AirPincher, a handheld pointing device for recognizing delicate mid-air hand gestures to control a remote display. AirPincher is designed to overcome disadvantages of the two kinds of existing hand gesture-aware techniques such as glove-based and vision-based. The glove-based techniques cause cumbersomeness of wearing gloves every time and the vision-based techniques incur performance dependence on distance between a user and a remote display. AirPincher allows a user to hold the device in one hand and to generate several delicate finger gestures. The gestures are captured by several sensors proximately embedded into AirPincher. These features help AirPincher avoid the aforementioned disadvantages of the existing techniques. We experimentally find an efficient size of the virtual input space and evaluate two types of pointing interfaces with AirPincher for a remote display. Our experiments suggest appropriate configurations to use the proposed device.

주제어

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문제 정의

If CD gain is 1, the display pointer moves at exactly the same speed as the control device does. In this paper, we test different CD gains with AirPincher in order to search for an appropriate value for our purpose.
The major goal of this experiment was to investigate how different CD gains affect the performance of AirPincher in terms of movement time and accuracy. We compare two pointing techniques with AirPincher, i.

제안 방법

Each experiment was conducted while increasing ID values. After the series of experiments finished, participants were asked to select the most preferred CD gain and to fill up the questionnaire.
AirPincher was applied to two types of pointing techniques for a remote display, continuous and non-continuous. The first experiment suggested the proper size of the imaginary input plane for the pointing techniques. Then, the second experiment showed which pointing technique is faster than the other at which CD gain.
The objective of this experiment was to determine a comfortable size of the imaginary mid-air 2D plane in which a user moves AirPincher. We recruited 8 participants including 4 women and 4 men whose ages ranged from 21 to 25.
The proposed device, named AirPincher, allows a user to hold the device in one hand and to generate several finger gestures, e.g., pinching, rotating, etc., with a user’s thumb, index and middle fingers of the holding hand.
In this paper, we experimentally find the comfortable size of the imaginary mid-air 2D plane for AirPincher. Then, we evaluate two types of air pointing interfaces with AirPincher based on 2D plane to find out their tradeoffs over various conditions. Our experiments suggest appropriate configurations to use the proposed device.

대상 데이터

AirPincher here is a handheld device that is a slight modification of the previous apparatus in[3]. A handheld device embedded with a low-cost Infrared(IR) camera, IR emitters, and low-cost motion sensors. The proposed device, named AirPincher, allows a user to hold the device in one hand and to generate several finger gestures, e.
1B show our prototype of AirPincher and the posture of a user's holding hand. The device is incorporated with a single low-cost IR camera, an array of IR emitters on both sides of the camera, and a low-cost motion sensor consisting of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. The IR camera and IR emitters are used to detect the pinch gesture of a user’s holding hand and the motion sensor is used to measure the angular posture of AirPincher.
The objective of this experiment was to determine a comfortable size of the imaginary mid-air 2D plane in which a user moves AirPincher. We recruited 8 participants including 4 women and 4 men whose ages ranged from 21 to 25. Participants were seated 3.

이론/모형

We evaluated those techniques with three different CD gains which were obtained in the previous experiment. The experiment for 2D target selection was established based on the multi-directional tapping test in ISO9241-9[12]. We also used the device assessment questionnaire to assess several subjective metrics as described in ISO9241-9.

성능/효과

CD gain was calculated as the ratio of the display size to imaginary space size. According to our measurements in this experiment, the average, minimum, and maximum CD gains were determined to be 1.5, 1.23, and 1.73, respectively.
The error rate defined as the number of erroneous selections over the number of the entire selections was measured to compare two pointing techniques. The continuous and non-continuous pointing techniques incurred 4.1% and 6.69% error rates, respectively. However, RM ANOVA indicated that there was no significant difference(F1,7= 1.
When the distance between an AirPincher user and the remote display was set, the experimental results showed that the continuous pointing technique at CD gain 1.5 performed better than the others in movement time. Participants replied that they felt almost the same comfort for both pointing techniques.

참고문헌 (12)

Shastry, K. R., Ravindran, M., Srikanth, M. V. V. N. S., and Lakshmikhanth, N., "Survey on various gesture recognition techniques for interfacing machines based on ambient intelligence," arXiv preprint, 1012.0084, 2010.
Osunkoya, T., Chern, J. C., "Gesture-Based Human-Computer-Interaction Using Kinect for Windows Mouse Control and PowerPoint Presentation," in Proceedings of the MIC Symposium, 2013.
Kyeongeun Seo, Hyeonjoong Cho. AirPincher: A HandHeld Device for Recognizing Delicate Mid-air Hand Gestures in Proceedings of UIST, pp.83-84, 2014.
Cockburn, A., Quinn, P., Gutwin, C., Ramos, G., and Looser, J., "Air pointing: Design and evaluation of spatial target acquisition with and without visual feedback," International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol.69, No.6, pp. 401-414, 2011.

상세보기
Schwaller, M., Lalanne, D., "Pointing in the air: Measuring the effect of hand selection strategies on performance and effort. In Human Factors in Computing and Informatics," Human Factors in Computing and Informatics, Vol.7946, pp.732-747, 2013.

상세보기
Van de Camp, F., Schick, A., and Stiefelhagen, R., "How to Click in Mid-Air," Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Interactions, pp.78-86, 2013.
Wilson, A. D., "Robust computer vision-based detection of pinching for one and two-handed gesture input," in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on UIST, pp.255-258, 2013.
Kim, D., Hilliges, O., Izadi, S., Butler, A. D., Chen, J., Oikonomidis, I., and Olivier, P., "Digits: freehand 3D interactions anywhere using a wrist-worn gloveless sensor," in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on UIST, pp.167-176, 2012.
Cockburn, A., Quinn, P., Gutwin, C., Ramos, G., and Looser, J., "Air pointing: Design and evaluation of spatial target acquisition with and without visual feedback," International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol.69, No.6, pp. 401-414, 2011.

상세보기
Lee, D. S., "Preferred viewing distance of liquid crystal high-definition television," Applied ergonomics, Vol.43, No.1, pp.151-156, 2012.

상세보기
Winkler, C., Pfeuffer, K., and Rukzio, E., "Investigating mid-air pointing interaction for projector phones," in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on UIST, pp.85-94, 2006.
ISO 9241-9:2000: Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals(VDTs)-Part 9: Requirements for Non-keyboard Input Devices. ISO Standard(2000).

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연합인증

공중 손동작 인식을 위한 핸드 헬드형 기기의 설계 및 평가
Design and Evaluation of a Hand-held Device for Recognizing Mid-air Hand Gestures 원문보기

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공중 손동작 인식을 위한 핸드 헬드형 기기의 설계 및 평가 Design and Evaluation of a Hand-held Device for Recognizing Mid-air Hand Gestures 원문보기

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공중 손동작 인식을 위한 핸드 헬드형 기기의 설계 및 평가
Design and Evaluation of a Hand-held Device for Recognizing Mid-air Hand Gestures 원문보기

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