본 연구는 암탐지에 우수한 능력을 보유하고 있는 공여견의 냄새 탐지 능력이 복제를 통하여 보존될 수 있을지를 알아보기 위하여 설계되었다. 직장암 탐지에 특화되어 훈련된 개를 복제하였고, 복제된 개는 환자와 건강한 지원자들로부터 채취된 호흡 샘플을 사용하여 유방암을 탐지하도록 훈련 되었다. 복제개의 암탐지 민감도는 93.3%, 특이도는 99.5%로 공여견의 암탐지 민감도 및 특이도 (91% 및 99%)와 유사하였다. 게다가 복제개는 유방암의 초기 단계까지 성공적으로 탐지할 수 있었다. 따라서 우수한 암탐지 능력은 복제를 통해서 보존될 수 있을 것이다.
본 연구는 암탐지에 우수한 능력을 보유하고 있는 공여견의 냄새 탐지 능력이 복제를 통하여 보존될 수 있을지를 알아보기 위하여 설계되었다. 직장암 탐지에 특화되어 훈련된 개를 복제하였고, 복제된 개는 환자와 건강한 지원자들로부터 채취된 호흡 샘플을 사용하여 유방암을 탐지하도록 훈련 되었다. 복제개의 암탐지 민감도는 93.3%, 특이도는 99.5%로 공여견의 암탐지 민감도 및 특이도 (91% 및 99%)와 유사하였다. 게다가 복제개는 유방암의 초기 단계까지 성공적으로 탐지할 수 있었다. 따라서 우수한 암탐지 능력은 복제를 통해서 보존될 수 있을 것이다.
This study was conducted to ascertain whether the scent detection ability of a donor dog having extraordinary talent in cancer detection can be conserved through cloning. A specially trained dog for colorectal cancer detection was cloned, and she was trained and tested to detect breast cancers using...
This study was conducted to ascertain whether the scent detection ability of a donor dog having extraordinary talent in cancer detection can be conserved through cloning. A specially trained dog for colorectal cancer detection was cloned, and she was trained and tested to detect breast cancers using breath samples collected from patients and healthy volunteers. Scent detection sensitivity of the clone was 93.3% and specificity was 99.5%, similar with those of donor (91% and 99%). Furthermore, the clone successfully detected early stage of breast cancers. Therefore, superior canine scent detection ability for cancer screening could be preserved through cloning.
This study was conducted to ascertain whether the scent detection ability of a donor dog having extraordinary talent in cancer detection can be conserved through cloning. A specially trained dog for colorectal cancer detection was cloned, and she was trained and tested to detect breast cancers using breath samples collected from patients and healthy volunteers. Scent detection sensitivity of the clone was 93.3% and specificity was 99.5%, similar with those of donor (91% and 99%). Furthermore, the clone successfully detected early stage of breast cancers. Therefore, superior canine scent detection ability for cancer screening could be preserved through cloning.
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문제 정의
Cloning could be the solution to reduce costs and effort for producing a good service dog, and to decrease the number of dogs that failed to qualify. Therefore, we aimed to produce a cloned dog from a donor dog having extraordinary talent in cancer detection and evaluated its scent detection ability.
제안 방법
Patients at Korea University Anam Hospital and Samsung Medical Center were recruited for collection of breath samples. Questionnaires about medications, medical history, smoking and food / drink ingestion were completed prior to the breath sampling. Breath samples were collected from the beginning of exhalation for 10 sec into a breath sampling bag (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.
After placing the sample bag at the sample station, the dog handler called the dog and encouraged it to sniff the stations by the command ‘Search!’ without a leash. The dog passed and sniffed each of the five stations in a single trial and gave responses to the handler. The scent detection test was performed with four controls and one target.
The dog passed and sniffed each of the five stations in a single trial and gave responses to the handler. The scent detection test was performed with four controls and one target. For this test, breath samples were collected from a total of 99 women at least 20 years of age with breast cancers (15 at stage 0, 72 at more than stage 1, and 12 under chemotherapy) and 260 age-matched controls (205 women and 55 men).
For this test, breath samples were collected from a total of 99 women at least 20 years of age with breast cancers (15 at stage 0, 72 at more than stage 1, and 12 under chemotherapy) and 260 age-matched controls (205 women and 55 men). The test was performed for five weeks and five trials were done on each day of testing.
The training method was a reward-based approach in which the correct behavior is rewarded by simultaneous play with a tennis ball. Training the cloned dog was done with four controls and one target or five controls, 2-5 days per week for 14 months starting from 12-months-old.
This study was conducted to ascertain whether the scent detection ability of a donor dog having extraordinary talent for colorectal cancer detection can be conserved to detect other kind of cancer, breast cancer, through cloning.
The training method was a reward-based approach in which the correct behavior is rewarded by simultaneous play with a tennis ball. Training the cloned dog was done with four controls and one target or five controls, 2-5 days per week for 14 months starting from 12-months-old. After placing the sample bag at the sample station, the dog handler called the dog and encouraged it to sniff the stations by the command ‘Search!’ without a leash.
대상 데이터
Each station consisted of a black painted wooden storage container (45 cm × 45 cm × 30 cm) including a wall 15 cm deep in which the breath sample bags were placed.
Ear skin tissue from a specially trained, 7-year-old female black labrador retriever from St. Sugar Cancer Sniffing Dog Training Center (Chiba, Japan) (22) was collected aseptically in Japan and transferred to South Korea in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen). The tissue was minced and cultured with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen) at 39℃ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air.
The scent detection test was performed with four controls and one target. For this test, breath samples were collected from a total of 99 women at least 20 years of age with breast cancers (15 at stage 0, 72 at more than stage 1, and 12 under chemotherapy) and 260 age-matched controls (205 women and 55 men). The test was performed for five weeks and five trials were done on each day of testing.
Among these four cloned puppies, one was chosen to be trained for breast cancer detection (Fig 1A). Patients at Korea University Anam Hospital and Samsung Medical Center were recruited for collection of breath samples. Questionnaires about medications, medical history, smoking and food / drink ingestion were completed prior to the breath sampling.
The training and testing of the dog were performed in a 3 m × 7 m room with five sample stations on the floor of the room in a single straight line spaced 45 cm apart (Fig 1C).
This study was supported by RDA (#PJ010928032015), IPET (#311062-04-3SB010), Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Nestle’ Purina PetCare and the BK21 plus program. We thank Dr.
성능/효과
In conclusion, canine cancer scent detection ability could be preserved in a cloned dog produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. This method of producing cancer-sniffing dogs is much more efficient and saves a great deal of time and effort compared with simply breeding elite dogs.
stm). In line with these results, our cloned dog showed high sensitivity (93.9%) and specificity (99.5%) in breast cancer detection ability, similar to the cell donor dog (22) which detected colorectal cancer with 91% sensitivity and 99% specificity. Unfortunately, we could not compare the scent detection ability of the other three cloned dogs with the one used in our study because two of them were taken over by other organizations and the last one was trained for other purposes.
Diagnostic accuracy was calculated as sensitivity and specificity of the dog’s indication of samples compared with the true diagnosis confirmed by presence of breast cancer. The sensitivity (or the true positive rate) of the test was 93.9%, which is the proportion of cancer samples correctly identified by the dog, and the specificity (or the true negative rate) was 99.5%, which is the proportion of control samples (Table 1). Medication, smoking, or food / drinking ingestion prior to the breath sampling did not affect the results.
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