Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is thought to develop from precancerous dysplastic lesions through multistep processes of carcinogenesis involving activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu [erbB-2]), a cell mem...
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is thought to develop from precancerous dysplastic lesions through multistep processes of carcinogenesis involving activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu [erbB-2]), a cell membrane glycoprotein, is a growth factor receptor that has receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Her2/neu activation plays a central role in cell proliferation and survival. It has been shown that overexpression of Her2/neu increases the rate of cell division and growth, leading to precancerous changes. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum and salivary Her2/neu levels between cases with premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples and unstimulated saliva by passive drooling were collected from three groups of healthy control (n=20), premalignant disorder (PMD) (n=20) and OSCC (n=25) subjects. The HER2 extracellular domain (HER2 ECD) levels were measured using ELISA. Results: The levels of serum Her2/neu showed no significant differences between any of the groups but on the other hand salivary Her2/neu levels were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared between control (median 68.7 pg/ml, range: 21.5 - 75.8) and OSCC (median 145.6 pg/ml, range: 45.1-191.1). A similar trend was observed when comparing between PMD (median 43.3, range: 22.1 -94.7) and OSCC with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence of increased salivary Her2/neu in OSCC when compared to PMD and control which was not the case for serum levels. This suggests that probably Her2/neu is not highly amplified as in breast cancer so as to be reflected in serum. Since saliva is in local vicinity of the OSCC, even a mild increase might be mirrored. On the whole, this study proposes Her2/neu as marker for distinguishing premalignant and malignant conditions.
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is thought to develop from precancerous dysplastic lesions through multistep processes of carcinogenesis involving activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu [erbB-2]), a cell membrane glycoprotein, is a growth factor receptor that has receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Her2/neu activation plays a central role in cell proliferation and survival. It has been shown that overexpression of Her2/neu increases the rate of cell division and growth, leading to precancerous changes. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum and salivary Her2/neu levels between cases with premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples and unstimulated saliva by passive drooling were collected from three groups of healthy control (n=20), premalignant disorder (PMD) (n=20) and OSCC (n=25) subjects. The HER2 extracellular domain (HER2 ECD) levels were measured using ELISA. Results: The levels of serum Her2/neu showed no significant differences between any of the groups but on the other hand salivary Her2/neu levels were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared between control (median 68.7 pg/ml, range: 21.5 - 75.8) and OSCC (median 145.6 pg/ml, range: 45.1-191.1). A similar trend was observed when comparing between PMD (median 43.3, range: 22.1 -94.7) and OSCC with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence of increased salivary Her2/neu in OSCC when compared to PMD and control which was not the case for serum levels. This suggests that probably Her2/neu is not highly amplified as in breast cancer so as to be reflected in serum. Since saliva is in local vicinity of the OSCC, even a mild increase might be mirrored. On the whole, this study proposes Her2/neu as marker for distinguishing premalignant and malignant conditions.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
The authors thank the Patients and healthy volunteers in the study for their willingness to contribute towards this study.
Moreover, very few studies have analysed the serum and salivary Her2/neu level in OSCC, most of the studies have evaluated Her2/neu gene amplification or its expression in tumor tissue. Therefore, this study was planned to assess the serum and salivary Her2/neu levels between premalignant and malignant oral lesions. The potential value of findings would be to offer a basis for predicting the malignant transformation of a premalignant lesion (e.
가설 설정
Since, saliva is in local vicinity of the OSCC, even a mild increase is mirrored in it. On the whole, the study proposes Her2/neu as a marker for distinguishing premalignant and malignant condition. As small size is a limiting factor of this study, the above fact has to be proved with large sample size.
제안 방법
To assess whether serum and salivary Her2/neu level are correlated, Pearson correlation analysis was carried out, but there was no correlation observed. Similarly, a univariate correlation analysis was performed to study the association of clinicopathologic factor with serum and salivary Her2/neu levels. The analysis revealed no association with any parameter.
Statistical computations were done on a personal computer using the computer software SPSS version 20 (Chicago, IL, USA). Univariate correlation was used to study the association between Her2/neu level and clinical parameters. All p-values were two-sided and a p-value of less than 0.
대상 데이터
Before entry to the study, all patients were required to sign a consent form and clinical history was recorded. Study subjects were recruited from the outpatient department of SRM Dental College, Chennai. The study comprised of three groups namely Control healthy subjects (n=20), premalignant disorder (PMD) subjects (n=20) and OSCC subjects (n=25).
Study subjects were recruited from the outpatient department of SRM Dental College, Chennai. The study comprised of three groups namely Control healthy subjects (n=20), premalignant disorder (PMD) subjects (n=20) and OSCC subjects (n=25). Subjects with infectious diseases during one month before saliva sampling, active dental abscesses, systemic illness and collagen vascular diseases were excluded from the study.
데이터처리
For descriptive statistics, the frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables, the mean values±standard deviation (SD) were used for quantitative variables. For comparison between groups One way ANOVA followed by post-hoc test was used. Statistical computations were done on a personal computer using the computer software SPSS version 20 (Chicago, IL, USA).
성능/효과
In conclusion, the present study evidenced an increased salivary Her2/neu in OSCC when compared to PMD and control which was not the case in serum. This suggests that probably Her2/neu is not highly amplified as in breast cancer so as to be reflected in serum.
후속연구
This might be due to various factors like difference in the type of ELISA kit used, genetic makeup of study subjects and importantly in their study most of the OSSC lesion was from tongue region while in the present study more than 70% of OSCC lesion was from buccal mucosa. Difference in location of tumor lesion may have different pathogenic mechanism and hence might be reflected in Her2/neu level, yet, further investigations are required to prove this. Furthermore, there was no correlation of either serum or salivary Her2/neu level with clinicopathologic factors which is in concordance with many other studies (Safoura Seifi et al.
Moreover, it also suggests that Her2/neu may not be involved in PMD pathogenesis but rather in the transition of PMD to malignant condition. Further follow up studies in PMD subject is necessary to evaluate the role of Her2/ neu in PMD transition to cancerous condition.
참고문헌 (22)
Chen CH, Lin YS, Lin CC, et al (2004). Elevated serum levels of a c-erbB-2 oncogene product in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Oral Pathol Med, 33, 89-94.
Chen CH, Tsai TL, Yang YS, Tsai CC (2007). Studies of the serum HER-2/neu and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med, 36, 83-7.
Fong Y, Chou SJ, Hung KF, Wu HT, Kao SY (2008). An investigation of the differential expression of Her2/neu gene expression in normal oral mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc, 71, 123-27.
Henning H, Robert G, Alexander G, et al (2014). Her2 expression and gene amplification is rarely detectable in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med, 43, 304-8.
Ibrahim SO, Lillehaug JR, Johannessen AC, et al (1999). Expression of biomarkers (p53, transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB-2/neu and the proliferative cell nuclear antigen) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol, 35, 302-13.
Khan AJ, King BL, Smith BD, et al (2002). Characterization of the HER-2/neu oncogene by immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res, 8, 540-8.
Li B, Wang M, Wen Y, Chen J (1992). Erb-B oncogene in human oral squamous cell carcinomas. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 23, 284-87.
Lutfiye D, Seyran Y, Canan S, et al (2014). Hormone Receptor, HER2/NEU and EGFR Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma - is here a Prognostic Phenotype? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 9739-45.
Pinto LS, de Aguiar FC Jr, Kowalski LP, Graner E, Lopes MA (2010). FAS and ErbB2 expression in early local recurrent oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med, 39, 176-81.
Safoura S, Shahriar S, Kamran N, Behzad A (2009). Lack of Elevated HER2/neu Expression in Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 661-4.
Schartinger VH, Kacani L, Andrle J, et al (2004). Pharmacodiagnostic value of the HER family in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 66, 21-6.
Stoicanescu D, Andreescu N, Belengeanu A, Meszaros N, Cornianu M (2013). Assessment of p53 and HER-2/neu genes status and protein products in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Rom J Morphol Embryol, 54, 1107-13.
Tadokoro K, Ueda M, Ohshima T, et al (1989). Activation of oncogenes in human oral cancer cells: a novel codon 13 mutation of c-H-ras-1 and concurrent amplifications of c-erbB-1 and c-myc. Oncogene, 4, 499-505.
Vanessa FB, Frederico O, Silvia FS, et al (2010). Clinical significance of EGFR, Her-2 and EGF in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case control study. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 29, 40.
Werkmeister R, Brandt B, Joos U (1999). Aberrations of erbB-1 and erbB-2 oncogenes in non-dysplastic leukoplakias of the oral cavity. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 37, 477-80.
Xia W, Lau YK, Zhang HZ, et al (1997). Strong correlation between c-erbB-2 overexpression and overall survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res, 3, 3-9.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.