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NTIS 바로가기兒童學會誌 = Korean journal of child studies, v.36 no.4, 2015년, pp.17 - 32
서미정 (제주대학교 생활환경복지학부 아동.생활복지전공)
The purpose of the present study was to explore the stability and changes of participant roles in the bullying process, namely, bullies, victims, followers, outsiders, and defenders. In addition, this study examined associated environmental characteristics of both followers and defenders in sixth gr...
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핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
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방어자 역할은 어떤 양육환경에서 나타나는가? | 몇몇 연구자들은 방어자 역할과 환경적 특성도 연결 짓고 있는데, 부모, 또래, 교사 등 아동에게 중요한 타인과의 관계의 영향력이 검증되었다(Hyun & Kim, 2014; Kim & Han, 2011; Lee & Song, 2012; Myron-Wilson, 1999). 즉 남학생의 경우 방어자는 피해자에 비해 온정․수용적 양육은 높은 반면 거부․제재적 양육을 낮게 지각하고 있으며, 여학생의 방어자 집단은 강화자, 동조자 및 피해자 집단에 비해 온정․수용적 양육은 높고 낮은 수준의 거부․제재적 양육을 받은 것으로 나타났다(Kim & Han, 2011). 또한 강화자 역할의 아동들은 부모의 처벌적 양육을 높게 지각하며, 조력자는 방임적 양육을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다(Myron-Wilson, 1999). | |
또래괴롭힘이란? | 또래괴롭힘(bullying)은 상대적으로 힘이 센 개인 또는 집단이 자신을 방어하는 능력이 부족한 또래에게 신체적으로나 심리적으로 해를 가하는 행동이 반복되는 것을 말한다(Olweus, 1993;Smith, 1991). 최근 수십 년 동안 또래괴롭힘은 국내외 연구자들의 관심을 꾸준히 받아 왔으며, 그 예방 및 중재를 위한 현실적 요구도 급증하고 있다. | |
방어자 역할의 확대가 또래 괴롭힘 감소에 효율적인 이유는? | 이러한 집단맥락적 관점은 또래괴롭힘의 감소를 위해서는 가해행동의 직접적인 변화보다 가해행동에 대한 강화 요인을 제거함으로써 또래괴롭힘이 지속되는 것을 차단하는 전략의 중요성을 강조한다. 특히 주변또래들 가운데 방어자는 가해자에게는 처벌적 효과를 주고, 피해자에게는 이후 괴롭힘의 피해로부터 보호해 줄 수 있으므로 방어자 역할을 확대시키는 방안이 또래괴롭힘 감소에 효율적인 것으로 보여진다. |
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