[논문]사람의 체내에서 타우린의 역할에 관한 연구

윤진아; 신경옥; 최경순

doi:10.9799/ksfan.2015.28.5.880

사람의 체내에서 타우린의 역할에 관한 연구
Studies on the Function of Taurine: Review 원문보기

한국식품영양학회지 = The Korean journal of food and nutrition, v.28 no.5, 2015년, pp.880 - 893

윤진아 (배화여자대학교 식품영양과) , 신경옥 (삼육대학교 식품영양학과) , 최경순 (삼육대학교 식품영양학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Taurine is an abundant amino acid in many animals, including humans. Relatively large amounts of taurine are found in leukocytes, heart, muscles, retinas, kidneys, bones, and liver. Taurine has antioxidant effects; it reacts with hydrogen peroxide to prevent oxidation of the cell membrane. Taurine enhances the effects of anticancer drugs, while also reducing side effects, and taurolidine, a taurine derivative, has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer effects without notable side effects in several types of cancer. Taurine aids in cholesterol metabolism by increasing the rate of synthesis of bile acids, and, thus, reduces triglyceride levels. In addition, taurine is involved in the growth and differentiation of nerve cells and is associated with some neurological disorders. Taurine aids in bone formation and prevents bone dissolution. Moreover, taurine prevents liver damage from a variety of drugs and, thus, protects the liver. Taurine is involved in the development and function of the retina and lens. It also has anti-atherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic effects that protect against cardiovascular disease. Taurine may have additional physiological functions, and warrants further investigation.

주제어

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문제 정의

따라서 본 연구는 인체 내에서 타우린의 다양한 역할과 효과를 살펴봄으로써 식품과 영양에서 타우린의 효과적 활용과 향후 관련 연구에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다.

성능/효과

Park IS(2002)은 타우린 보강이 흰쥐에서 혈소판, 적혈구, 체내 지질수준, LDL 산화에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구했다. 타우린구가 대조구에 비해 혈소판 응집, 혈장 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도, 중성지방 농도가 유의적으로 감소한 반면, HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의한 차이가 없었고, 간의 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 역시 타우린구가 낮게 나타났다. 간조직의 지방구 관찰 결과에서도 타우린 처리구는 지방구 크기가 작고, 그 수도 적은 것으로 관찰되었다.
타우린을 1~20 mM의 농도로 처리했을 때 32~87%까지 알칼리 포스파타아제의 활성을 촉진했다. 하이드록시프롤린이 형성된 정도를 이용해 콜라겐 합성을 측정했을 때, 20 mM의 타우린 농도에서 최대 56%까지 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 조골세포 내에서 일어나는 작용에 대한 타우린의 관여 정도를 확인하기 위한 in vitro 실험에서 타우린은 수많은 단백질의 타이로신 인산화를 촉진하였다(Park TS 1996).

후속연구

본 논문에서 고찰한 타우린의 기능 및 효과들로는 항산화 효과, 지질 배출, 신경세포의 성장·분화·보호, 칼슘·골 대사 관련 기능, 간 보호 효과, 삼투압 조절, 망막 및 수정체 관련 효과, 심순환기 질환 예방, 면역 증진, 미백, 항암 효과 등이 있으며, 이 외에도 다양한 기능과 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.
본 논문에서 고찰한 타우린의 기능 및 효과들로는 항산화 효과, 지질 배출, 신경세포의 성장·분화·보호, 칼슘·골 대사 관련 기능, 간 보호 효과, 삼투압 조절, 망막 및 수정체 관련 효과, 심순환기 질환 예방, 면역 증진, 미백, 항암 효과 등이 있으며, 이 외에도 다양한 기능과 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이에 따라 앞으로 관련된 연구가 더 많이 수행되어야 함과 동시에 타우린을 식품과학적, 영양학적으로 더욱더 활용하려는 노력이 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 특히 타우린을 이용한 다양한 기능성 음료나 식품개발에 더욱 노력을 해야 할 것이다.
이에 따라 앞으로 관련된 연구가 더 많이 수행되어야 함과 동시에 타우린을 식품과학적, 영양학적으로 더욱더 활용하려는 노력이 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 특히 타우린을 이용한 다양한 기능성 음료나 식품개발에 더욱 노력을 해야 할 것이다.

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	타우린이란?	타우린은 소의 담즙에서 최초로 발견된 아미노산이며(Tiedeman & Gmelin 1827), β-carbon에 아미노기가, α-carbon에 황산기가 결합되어 있는 β-아미노산이자 함황 아미노산의 한 종류이다. 주로 무척추 해양동물에 그 함량이 높아(Kim 등 1999), 기존에는 이들을 대상으로 한 연구가 주로 진행되었으나, Jacobsen & Smith(1968)가 타우린 및 그 유도체에 관한 보고서를 발표한 이래로 포유동물과 사람을 대상으로 한 여러 연구가 보고되었다.
	타우린 함량이 높은 생물체는?	타우린은 소의 담즙에서 최초로 발견된 아미노산이며(Tiedeman & Gmelin 1827), β-carbon에 아미노기가, α-carbon에 황산기가 결합되어 있는 β-아미노산이자 함황 아미노산의 한 종류이다. 주로 무척추 해양동물에 그 함량이 높아(Kim 등 1999), 기존에는 이들을 대상으로 한 연구가 주로 진행되었으나, Jacobsen & Smith(1968)가 타우린 및 그 유도체에 관한 보고서를 발표한 이래로 포유동물과 사람을 대상으로 한 여러 연구가 보고되었다. 타우린의 주요 급원은 동물성 식품이며(Rana & Sanders 1986), 식물성 식품에는 함유되어 있지 않거나, 그 함량이 매우 적은 편이다(Park 등 1998c).
	타우린 수송체 유전자가 풍부한 곳은?	사람의 타우린 수송체 유전자는 갑상선에서 최초로 분리되었으며, Taut로 명명되었다(Jhang 등 1993). 타우린 수송체유전자는 태반, 근육, 심장, 뇌, 신장 및 췌장 등에 풍부하며, 타우린과 구조가 비슷한 β-alanine, β-aminobutyric acid, gammaamino butyric acid 등도 타우린 수송체에 의해 운송될 수 있어 타우린 흡수가 제한될 수 있는 반면에, GABA 수송체에 의해 타우린이 흡수될 수도 있다(Goldman & Scriver 1967). 타우린은 다른 아미노산과 마찬가지로 신장에서 재흡수가 일어나며, 체내 타우린이 충분할 경우에는 소변으로 배설된다(Hayes KC 1985).

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