[논문]민통선 둠벙의 수서곤충과 식물 군집에 대한 수환경 특성의 영향

김재현; 정현용; 김승호; 김재근

doi:10.17663/jwr.2016.18.4.331

민통선 둠벙의 수서곤충과 식물 군집에 대한 수환경 특성의 영향
The influence of water characteristics on the aquatic insect and plant assemblage in small irrigation ponds in Civilian Control Zone, Korea 원문보기

한국습지학회지 = Journal of wetlands research, v.18 no.4, 2016년, pp.331 - 341

김재현 (서울대학교 생물교육과) , 정현용 (DMZ생태연구소) , 김승호 (DMZ생태연구소) , 김재근 (서울대학교 생물교육과)

초록
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본 연구에서는 둠벙의 수서곤충군집과 식물 군집에 영향을 주는 수환경 특성을 확인하고자 민통선에 존재하는 5개 유형 16개 둠벙을 선택하여 물의 화학적 특성과 둠벙과 주변 환경과의 연결 특성을 조사하였다. 둠벙의 유형으로는 괸물, 괸물-물흐름, 샘통, 괸물-샘통 그리고 물흐름-샘통형을 사용하였다. 연중 이온의 농도 변화는 괸물형 둠벙에서 가장 작았고 샘통형 둠벙에서 가장 컸다. 음이온 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 괸물형 둠벙이었으며, 양이온 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 물흐름-샘통형 둠벙이었다. 연구 장소에서 발견된 식물은 228종이었으며, 이중 습지 식물이 63종이었다. 수서곤충은 95종이 발견되었다. 확인된 희귀식물은 6종이었고, 희귀수서곤충은 4종이었다. 괸물-샘통형 둠벙에서 종풍부도가 가장 높았다. 둠벙의 크기와 종풍부도는 상관관계가 없었으며, 다변량 통계를 통해 분석한 결과 둠벙 유형별로 생물군집에서 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 둠벙에서 수환경 변화와 주변 환경과 둠벙의 연결성이 생물군집에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었으며, 둠벙은 담수생태계로서 이질성을 높여 농업지역의 생물다양성을 높이는데 기여함을 확인하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

A small irrigation pond for a rice paddy field is a very important refuge for aquatic insects and plants. To reveal environmental factors determining species composition of aquatic insect and plant communities, we analyzed water chemistry and connection between pond and surrounding in five types of irrigation ponds based on water source and connection in CCZ of South Korea: stagnation, exchange-stagnation, spring, stagnation-spring, and exchange-spring types. The stagnation type had the most stable water chemistry among the 16 irrigation ponds studied, and the spring type had the most variable water chemistry. Anion content was highest in the stagnation type, and cation content was highest in the exchange-stagnation type. 228 taxa including 63 wetland plants and 95 aquatic insect taxa were recorded. Six rare plant species and four rare aquatic insect species were identified. The stagnation-spring type had the highest species richness. There was no correlation between size and species richness. Multivariate analyses showed distinctive species assemblages among the irrigation pond types. This would indicate that water chemical change at annual cycle and connection influenced on the species assemblages in irrigation pond. In additional, irrigation pond contributes to regional biodiversity in agricultural areas, as irrigation pond provides heterogeneous communities for the freshwater ecosystem.

주제어

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문제 정의

The goal of this study was to investigate whether biodiversity and species assemblages were associated with water chemical annual fluctuation. Our results show that water chemical annual fluctuation might influenced on plant and aquatic insect communities in ponds.

대상 데이터

The study area was approximately 26.81 km² and located in rice paddy fields at Paju in CCZ (Fig. 2). About 11% of the water was from a pumping station, and the remainder was supplied by irrigation ponds (Paju office, 2011).

데이터처리

Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test was applied after One-way ANOVA and the Game–Howell post-hoc test using SPSS statistics 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

이론/모형

ANOSIM using the Bray–Curtis similarity index was tested with the global test using 999 permutations.
The samples were collected on May 12–13, August 13–14, 2012, and September 18–19, 2013. NO₃-N, NH₄-N, and PO₄-P were analyzed by the hydrazine method (Kamphake et al., 1967), indo-phenol method (Murphy and Riley, 1962), and ascorbic acid reduction method (Solorzano, 1969), respectively. K⁺ , Ca²⁺, Na⁺ , and Mg²⁺ contents were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer (model AA240FS; Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA).
The detrending method was used a tetra order polynomial using Hill’s scale. Statistical significance of the eigenvalues was tested with Monte Carlo tests based on 999 reiterations. An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) was used to show differences between assemblage composition types.
The detrending method was used a tetra order polynomial using Hill’s scale.

성능/효과

E-ST had no rare insect species. Cybister japonicus (NT) and Paracercion sieboldii (VU) were sampled in SP and E-SP, Copera tokyoensis (NT) in ST, and Lestes temporalis (NT) in ST-SP (Table 5).
In the SP type, the CVs of PO₄-P, NO₃-N, and NH₄-N were highest; the temperature CV was lowest, and mean DO was lowest among the five types (Tables 2 and 3). In the ST type, The CVs of NO₃-N and temperature were highest; the CVs of PO₄-P, NH₄-N, K⁺ , Na⁺ , and Mg²⁺ were lowest, and mean NO₃-N and DO were highest among the five types. In the ST-SP type, the CVs of K⁺ and Mg²⁺were highest; the CVs of Ca²⁺, DO, EC, and pH were lowest, and mean NH₄-N, K⁺ , Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and EC were lowest among the five types.
In the ST type, The CVs of NO₃-N and temperature were highest; the CVs of PO₄-P, NH₄-N, K⁺ , Na⁺ , and Mg²⁺ were lowest, and mean NO₃-N and DO were highest among the five types. In the ST-SP type, the CVs of K⁺ and Mg²⁺were highest; the CVs of Ca²⁺, DO, EC, and pH were lowest, and mean NH₄-N, K⁺ , Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and EC were lowest among the five types. In the E-SP type, the CVs of Na⁺, DO, and pH were highest; mean NO₃-N was lowest among the five types.
003) in assemblage composition among pond types. SIMPER test results showed that average similarity was 68.8% in SP, 58.9% in ST, 67.9% in ST-SP, 60% in E-SP, and 65.9% in E-ST. Plant β-diversity was significantly higher in the ST than that in the E-ST type (F_4,16=5.
japonica was second among the five types. ST had the largest ratio of open water area among the five types and very simple wetland plant composition, whereas the emergent plant L. japonica and the floating-leaved plant T. japonica dominated. The occupation ratio of floating-leaved plants in E-SP, such as Potamogeton distinctus, was highest among the five types.
395). The SP type had the smallest area of open water, and the floating-leaved plant T. japonica, he emergent plant L. japonica, and the submerged plant U. vulgaris were dominant. The occupation ratio of floating-leaved plants in the ST-SP type such as T.
The SP type had the most richness species with 67 taxa (mean, 29 taxa). The ST type had 39 taxa (mean, 17 taxa), ST-SP had 59 taxa (mean, 33 taxa), E-SP had 37 taxa (mean, 28 taxa), and E-ST had 30 taxa (mean, 14 taxa). No correlation was detected between pond area and the number of aquatic insect species (r²=0.
4c, Table 4). The richest group was Odonata (28 species, eight families), followed by Coleoptera (26 species, eight families), Hemiptera (19 species, 11 families), Diptera (18 species, 13 families), Ephemeroptera (two species, two families), and Lepidoptera (one species), Megaloptera (one species). Hyphydrus japonicas, Cloeon dipterum, Anax parthenope julius, and Ischnura asiatica were the most frequently recorded and dominant species in the ponds.

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