Lee, Jun-Am
(Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
,
Kim, Ill-Hwa
(Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
,
Hwang, Dae-Youn
(Department of Biomaterials Science, Pusan National University)
,
Kang, Hyun-Gu
(Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic findings, affected age, hematology, blood chemistry and clinical signs according to open or closed cervix in 102 bitches presented for treatment of pyometra. The prevalence of pyometra according to breed was observed in Maltese 22.5%, Yorkshire T...
The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic findings, affected age, hematology, blood chemistry and clinical signs according to open or closed cervix in 102 bitches presented for treatment of pyometra. The prevalence of pyometra according to breed was observed in Maltese 22.5%, Yorkshire Terrier 13.7% and Shih Tzu 12.7%. The mean age of dogs was $9.6{\pm}0.3years$, and open cervix pyometra was more prevalent than closed cervix pyometra. Clinical signs included anorexia, vaginal discharge, depression, polyuria/polydipsia, vomiting, and abdominal distension. The concentration of BUN and the activity of ALP in dogs with closed cervix pyometra were significantly higher than those in dogs with open cervix pyometra (p < 0.05). The white blood cell and neutrophils in dogs with closed cervix pyometra were significant higher than those in dogs with open cervix pyometra (p < 0.05). Ultrasonographic findings of the uterus with open or closed cervix pyometra showed variable patterns. The uterine wall was variable in appearance, from thick and irregular to smooth and thin. The uterine wall was thicker in open cervix pyometra than in closed cervix pyometra. The luminal cavity included smaller amount of anechoic fluid in open cervix pyometra than in closed cervix pyometra.
The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic findings, affected age, hematology, blood chemistry and clinical signs according to open or closed cervix in 102 bitches presented for treatment of pyometra. The prevalence of pyometra according to breed was observed in Maltese 22.5%, Yorkshire Terrier 13.7% and Shih Tzu 12.7%. The mean age of dogs was $9.6{\pm}0.3years$, and open cervix pyometra was more prevalent than closed cervix pyometra. Clinical signs included anorexia, vaginal discharge, depression, polyuria/polydipsia, vomiting, and abdominal distension. The concentration of BUN and the activity of ALP in dogs with closed cervix pyometra were significantly higher than those in dogs with open cervix pyometra (p < 0.05). The white blood cell and neutrophils in dogs with closed cervix pyometra were significant higher than those in dogs with open cervix pyometra (p < 0.05). Ultrasonographic findings of the uterus with open or closed cervix pyometra showed variable patterns. The uterine wall was variable in appearance, from thick and irregular to smooth and thin. The uterine wall was thicker in open cervix pyometra than in closed cervix pyometra. The luminal cavity included smaller amount of anechoic fluid in open cervix pyometra than in closed cervix pyometra.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
But, to the best of our knowledge, comparable evaluation according to open and closed of cervix in dogs with pyometra not yet been reported. Therefore, the aim of this clinical study was to evaluate ultrasonographic findings, affected age, hematology, blood chemistry, and clinical signs according to open or closed cervix pyometra in bitches presented for treatment of pyometra.
제안 방법
Data were collected from the clinical records of the selected 102 dogs. The following data were individually collected from each case of pyometra: breed, age, body weight, type of pyometra (open-cervix or closed-cervix pyometra), clinical signs on admission (vaginal discharge, anorexia, depression, lethargy vomiting, diarrhea, polydipsia and polyuria, abdominal distension, fever, and dehydration status), results of hematological and biochemical analyses on admission (concentrations of sodium, chloride, and potassium; packed cell volume [PCV]; platelet, neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts; concentration of serum total protein, albumin, albumin-globulin ratio, BUN, creatinine, and glucose; activities of ALT and ALP), treatment (surgery or medical treatments), and duration of hospitalization.
Dogs with abnormal ultrasonographic findings, such as fluid-filled uterus or uterine horn, were diagnosed with pyometra. The status of the patient was also evaluated by laboratory findings such as serum chemistry (Hitachi 7202; Hitachi High-Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan), electrolyte analyses (Humalyte; HUMAN Gesellschaft fur Biochemica und Diagnostica mbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), and complete blood count (CBC) (BC-5300 Vet TM; Mindray Co., Shenzhen, China).
대상 데이터
Clinical records were obtained from database of dogs with pyometra from the Veterinary Medical Center in Chungbuk National University between January 2005 and May 2014. A total of 109 cases of pyometra were enrolled in the present study
Data were collected from the clinical records of the selected 102 dogs. The following data were individually collected from each case of pyometra: breed, age, body weight, type of pyometra (open-cervix or closed-cervix pyometra), clinical signs on admission (vaginal discharge, anorexia, depression, lethargy vomiting, diarrhea, polydipsia and polyuria, abdominal distension, fever, and dehydration status), results of hematological and biochemical analyses on admission (concentrations of sodium, chloride, and potassium; packed cell volume [PCV]; platelet, neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts; concentration of serum total protein, albumin, albumin-globulin ratio, BUN, creatinine, and glucose; activities of ALT and ALP), treatment (surgery or medical treatments), and duration of hospitalization.
성능/효과
3 weeks (data not shown), which was similar to previous report (2). Based on the history taking, the duration from onset of clinical signs to admission was 8.39 days, which indicated that most of the clinical signs of pyometra were nonspecific when compared with other disorders. In the authors’ opinion, besides cases with vaginal discharge, most owners may not become suspicious of pyometra based only on clinical signs.
In this study, Maltese, Yorkshire Terrier and Shih Tzu dogs showed a higher prevalence of pyometra than other breeds, Pekingese and Poodle showed a lower prevalence of pyometra than other breeds. This was inconsistent with a previous study that reported that Pekingese and Poodle had a significantly lower risk of developing pyometra than other breeds (22).
참고문헌 (37)
Asheim A. Pathogenesis of renal damage and polydipsia in dogs with pyometra. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1965; 147: 736-745.
Bigliardi E, Parmigiani E, Cavirani S, Luppi A, Bonati L, Corradi A. Ultrasonography and cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch. Reprod Domest Anim 2004; 39: 136-140.
Borresen B. Pyometra in the dog. II.-A pathophysiological investigation. II. Anamnestic, clinical and reproductive aspects. Nord Vet Med 1979; 31: 251-257.
Debosschere H, Ducatelle R, Vermeirsch H, Van Den Broeck W, Coryn M. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch: should the two entities be disconnected. Theriogenology 2001; 55: 1509-1519.
DeSchepper J, DeCock I, Capiau E. Urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase and the degree of renal dysfunction in 75 bitches with pyometra. Res Vet Sci 1989; 46: 396-400.
Dow C. The cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch. J Comp Pathol 1959; 69: 237.
Egenvall A, Hagman R, Bonnett BN, Hedhammar A, Olson P, Lagerstedt AS. Breed risk of pyometra in insured dogs in Sweden. J Vet Intern Med 2001; 15: 530-538.
Feldman EC, Nelson RW. Diagnosis and treatment alternatives for pyometra in dogs and cats. Curr Vet Ther Small Anim Pract 1989; 10: 1305-1310.
Fieni F, Martal J, Marnet PG, Siliart B, Bernard F, Riou M. Hormonal variations in bitches after early or mid pregnancy termination with aglepristone (Ru 534). J Reprod Fertil 2001; 57(Suppl): 243-248.
Fransson B, Lagerstedt AS, Hellmen E, Jonsson P. Bacteriological findings, blood chemistry profile and plasma endotoxin levels in bitches with pyometra or other uterine diseases. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1997; 44: 417-426.
Gibson A, Dean R, Yates D, Stavisky J. A retrospective study of pyometra at five RSPCA hospitals in the UK: 1728 cases from 2006 to 2011. Vet Rec 2013; 173: 396.
Gilbert RO, Nothling JO, Oettle EE. A retrospective study of 40 cases of canine pyometra-metritis treated with prostaglandin F-2 alpha and broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. J Reprod Fertil 1989; 39(Suppl): 225-229.
Gobello C, Castex G, Klima L, Rodriguez R, Corrada Y. A study of two protocols combining aglepristone and cloprostenol to treat open cervix pyometra in the bitch. Theriogenology 2003; 60: 901-908.
Hagman R. Diagnostic and prognostic markers for uterine diseases in dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49(Suppl 2): 16-20.
Hardy RM, Osborne CA. Canine pyometra: pathogenesis, physiology, diagnosis and treatment of uterine and extrauterine lesions. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1974; 10: 245-268.
Jitpean S, Hagman R, Strom Holst B, Hoglund OV, Pettersson A, Egenvall A. Breed variations in the incidence of pyometra and mammary tumours in Swedish dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47(Suppl 6): 347-350.
Johnston SD, Kustritz MVR, Olson PNS. Disorders of the canine uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts). In: Canine and Feline Theriogenology. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2001: 206-224.
Kaymaz M, Bastan A, Erunal N, Aslan S, Findik M. The use of laboratory findings in the diagnosis of CEH-pyometra complex in the bitch. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 1999; 23: 127-133.
Krook L, Larsson S, Rooney JR. The interrelationship of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and pyometra in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1960; 21: 120-127.
MacIntire DK. Reproductive emergencies. Presentation to participants at Western Veterinary Conference, 2004.
Nelson RW, Feldman EC, Stabenfeldt GH. Treatment of canine pyometra and endometritis with prostaglandin F2 alpha. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181: 899-903.
Niskanen M, Thrusfield MV. Associations between age, parity, hormonal therapy and breed, and pyometra in Finnish dogs. Vet Rec 1998; 143: 493-498.
Renton JP, Boyd JS, Harvey MJA. Observations on the treatment and diagnosis of open pyometra in the bitch (Canis familiaris). J Reprod Fertil 1993; 47(Suppl): 465-469.
Smith FO. Canine pyometra. Theriogenology 2006; 66: 610-612.
Stone EA, Littman MP, Robertson JL, Bovee KC. Renal dysfunction in dogs with pyometra. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193: 457-464.
Troxel M, Cornetta A, Pastor K, Hartzband L, Besancon M. Severe hematometra in a dog with cystic endometrial hyperplasia/ pyometra complex. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002; 38: 85-89.
Vermeirsch H, Simoens P, Hellemans A, Coryn M, Lauwers H. Immunohistochemical detection of progesterone receptors in the canine uterus and their relation to sex steroid hormone levels. Theriogenology 2000; 53: 773-788.
Verstegen J, Dhaliwal G, Verstegen-Onclin K. Mucometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and pyometra in the bitch: advances in treatment and assessment of future reproductive success. Theriogenology 2000; 70: 364-374
Voges AK, Neuwirth L. Ultrasound diagnosis-cystic uterine hyperplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1996; 37: 131-132.
Wheaton LG, Johnson AL, Parker AJ, Kneller SK. Results and complications of surgical treatment of pyometra: a review of 80 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1989; 25: 563-568.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.