[논문]Trend Analysis of Wildland Fires and Their Impacts on Atmospheric Environment over East Asia

Shin, Sung-Kyun; Lee, Kwon-Ho

doi:10.5572/ajae.2016.10.1.022

[국내논문] Trend Analysis of Wildland Fires and Their Impacts on Atmospheric Environment over East Asia 원문보기

Asian journal of atmospheric environment, v.10 no.1, 2016년, pp.22 - 31

Shin, Sung-Kyun (Research Institute for Radiation-Satellite (RIRS), Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU)) , Lee, Kwon-Ho (Research Institute for Radiation-Satellite (RIRS), Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU))

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Active fire products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observation during the 16 years from 2000-2015 were analyzed to estimate spatial and temporal variations of wildland fires over East Asia (region of interest: $20^{\circ}N-55^{\circ}N$, $100^{\circ}E-150^{\circ}E$). GLOBCOVER 2009 land cover data were also used to investigate the trend in wildfire occurrence with respect to each land cover type. Statistical analysis showed that the highest number of wildland fires occurred in the evergreen and vegetation covered areas, and strong seasonal variations were found in these areas. Total numbers of fires were 283,683 and 202,543, respectively. In particular, the wildland fires in croplands occurred mainly during summer season and distinguishable increasing trends were found. The correlations between number of wildland fires and air pollutants, such as black carbon, organic matter, and carbon monoxide, were also calculated in order to investigate the intensity of the air pollution caused by the wildland fires. Positive correlation between total column carbon monoxide contents and the occurrence of wildland fire was found. In addition, this correlation was higher than the correlation between fire occurrence and black carbon or organic matter. These results indicate that a significant amount of carbon monoxide originated from the wildland fires and influenced the regional atmospheric environment in East Asia.

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가설 설정

1. Occurrences of wildland fire were counted geospatially from the MODIS data. The accumulated numbers of fire counts were then arranged statistically in order to estimate short-term and long-term trend patterns.
The brightness temperatures derived from two infrared channels (for instance, the 11 μm and 4 μm channels) are mainly used for this algorithm. There are two types of strategies for fire detections of MODIS: (a) absolute detection, if the fire is strong enough, and (b) relative detection, if the thermal emission is relatively weak. A pixel is rejected if the MODIS channel has a reflectance of more than 30% and it lies within 40 degrees of the specular reflection position for daytime, when sunlight may cause detection error.

제안 방법

In this study, statistical analysis was conducted with MODIS fire products aggregated to a 0.1°×0.1° grid for the time period from March 2000 to May 2015 in order to estimate the spatio-temporal variations in the occurrence of wildfire over East Asia.
, 2010). Correlations of wildfire occurrence with air pollutants potentially emitted from the wildland fires were also analyzed to investigate the influence of fire on the atmospheric environment. The main objectives of this study were to inves tigate the trend of occurrence of wildland fire and the impact of wildland fire on the atmospheric environment through an interdisciplinary analysis using combined satellite and model results.
Correlations of wildfire occurrence with air pollutants potentially emitted from the wildland fires were also analyzed to investigate the influence of fire on the atmospheric environment. The main objectives of this study were to inves tigate the trend of occurrence of wildland fire and the impact of wildland fire on the atmospheric environment through an interdisciplinary analysis using combined satellite and model results. This paper is organized as follows.
The annual and seasonal trends in the occurrence of wildland fire and the impacts of air pollutants were analyzed with an interdisciplinary combination of satellite and model data. Fig.
Occurrences of wildland fire were counted geospatially from the MODIS data. The accumulated numbers of fire counts were then arranged statistically in order to estimate short-term and long-term trend patterns.
Total AOD (τTot), black carbon AOD (τBC), organic matter AOD (τOM), and total column carbon monoxide content (CO) from the MACC reanalysis data were used to determine the variation of air pollutants.
Total AOD (τ_Tot), black carbon AOD (τ_BC), organic matter AOD (τ_OM), and total column carbon monoxide content (CO) from the MACC reanalysis data were used to determine the variation of air pollutants. These parameters could be emitted from wildland fire, and the correlations between these parameters and the variations of wildland fire were investigated in order to estimate the influences of wildland fire events on the atmospheric environment.
7 shows the annual variation of the occurrence of wildland fire and the τ_Tot, τ_BC, τ_OM, and CO during the same period. The correlations between wildfire occurrences and the AOD of each aerosol and the total columnar carbon monoxide content also are revealed in this figure and were used to investigate the relation between the increment of wildland fire occurrence and the amount of air pollutants emitted from wildland fires.
In this study, the trend of East Asian wildland fires was constructed from historical satellite observation records for the period from 2000 to 2015, and the frequency of fire occurrences was analyzed by using the MODIS dataset. The results from this trend analysis showed that the wildland fires were controlled mainly by land cover type on quasi-seasonal timescales.

성능/효과

The proportion of wildland fire count in East Asia to the count in the world is also presented in Fig. 3. At the global scale, the wildfire occurrence series shows two distinct peaks, the first occurring in 2002 and the second occurring in 2003. The occurrences of wildfire in 2004, 2009, and 2010 are lower than those of 2002 and 2003, although the trend in occurrence of wildland fire varies with respect to each corresponding time series.
The highest frequencies were found for the evergreen and vegetation land cover types, 283,683 and 202,543 occurrences, respectively. For these land cover types, wildland fire occurred most frequently in the spring season.
The correlation between wildland fire occurrence and τ_BC was better than those for the other types of aerosols. A higher correlation between wildland fire occurrence and CO was also confirmed, and wildland fire events are suspected to be the most important source of emission of black carbon and CO. The aforementioned results can be used as worthwhile information for assessment of the effects of strong emissions from wildfires on the atmospheric environment and on climate change.

후속연구

4. Finally, a correlation analysis between the wildland fire occurrences and the amount of air pollutants was conducted to investigate the impacts of wildland fire on the regional atmospheric environment. Additional description of each dataset and the processes used follow.

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