최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기한국산업보건학회지 = Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v.26 no.1, 2016년, pp.1 - 10
Objectives: The aim of this study is to review the results of exposure to chemicals and to extremely low frequency(ELF) magnetic fields generated in wafer fabrication operations in the semiconductor industry. Methods: Exposure assessment studies of silicon wafer fab operations in the semiconductor i...
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
---|---|---|
근처에 머물거나 일할 때 극저주파 피크 노출 위험이 있는 장비는? | 에너지를 사용하는 장비 근처에서 순간 머물거나 일을 할 때 노출될 수 있기 때문이다. 극저주파가 발생되는 반도체 장비는 furnace, sputter, ion implanter, heater 등이다(Crawford et al., 1993). | |
웨이퍼 가공 공정은 어떻게 진행되는가? | 실리콘 웨이퍼 위에 전기 회로를 만들고(가공(fabrication),이하 웨이퍼 가공 공정), 회로화된 수많은 작은 칩들(chips)을 개별로 분리하여 제품으로 만든다(이하 칩 패키지 공정). 화학물질과 에너지가 가장 많이 사용되는 웨이퍼 가공 공정은 제조된 웨이퍼의 산화(oxidation) → 감광액 도포(photolithography resist application) → 노광(photolithography exposure) → 현상(developing) → 식각(etching) → 스트리핑(stripping) → 이온 주입 → 실리콘 증착(epitaxy) → 금속배선을 위한 증착(metallization)이 반복되는 과정이다. 모든 공정에서 건강에 장해를 줄 수 있는 화학물질이 발생되고 에너지가 사용된다. | |
실리콘 웨이퍼는 어떻게 생산되는가? | 반도체 산업(Semiconductor industry) 핵심 공정은 모래(SiO2)로부터 실리콘(silicon, Si)을 추출(환원)하여(웨이퍼 제조 공정) 생산된 전기 특성이 없는(부도체) 실리콘 웨이퍼(wafer)에 전기적 특성을 부여하는 것이다. 실리콘 웨이퍼 위에 전기 회로를 만들고(가공(fabrication),이하 웨이퍼 가공 공정), 회로화된 수많은 작은 칩들(chips)을 개별로 분리하여 제품으로 만든다(이하 칩 패키지 공정). |
Abdollahzadeh S, Katharine SH, Schenker MB. A model for assessing occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields in fabrication rooms in the semiconductor health study. Am J Ind Med 1995;28:723-734
Baldwin D, King B, Scarpace L. Ion Implanters-Chemical and radiation safety. Solid State Technol 1988;31: 99-105
Bender TJ, Beall C, Cheng H, Herrick RF, Kahn AR, et al. Cancer incidence among semiconductor and electronic storage device workers. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:30-36
Boice JD, Marano DE, Munro HM, Chadda BK, Signorello LB, et al. Cancer Mortality Among US Workers Employed in Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication. J Occup Environ Med 2010;52:1082-1097
Bowman JD, Touchstone JA, Yost MG. A populationbased job exposure matrix for power-frequency magnetic fields. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007;4: 715-728
Chung EK, Kim KB, Chung KJ, Lee IS, You KH, Park JS. Occupational exposure of semiconductor workers to ELF magnetic fields. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2012;22:42-51
Clapp DE, Zaebst DD, Herrick RF. Measuring exposures to glycol ethers. Environ Health Perspect 1984;57:91
Correa A, Gray RH, Cohen R, Rothman N, Shah F, et al. Ethylene glycol ethers and risks of spontaneous abortion and subfertility. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143: 707-717
Crawford W, Green D, Knolle W, Marcos H, Mosovsky J, et al. Magnetic field exposure in semiconductor cleanrooms. Hazard Assessment and Control Technology in Semiconductor Manufacturing II. 1993
Hallock MF, Hammond SK, Kenyon E, Smith TJ, Smith ER. Assessment of task and peak exposures to solvents in the microelectronics fabrication industry. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1993;8:945-954
Hammond S, Hines C, Hallock M, Woskie S, Kenyon E, Schenker M. Exposures to glycol ethers in the semiconductor industry. Occup Hyg 1996;2
Harrison M. Semiconductor manufacturing hazards. Williams & Wilkins, Hazardous Materials Toxicology: Clinical Principles of Environmental Health(USA) 1992;472-504
Herrick RF, Stewart JH, Blicharz D, Beall C, Bender T, et al. Exposure assessment for retrospective follow-up studies of semiconductor-and storage devicemanufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med 2005; 47:983-995
Hsieh GY, Wang JD, Cheng TJ, Chen PC. Prolonged menstrual cycles in female workers exposed to ethylene glycol ethers in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Occup Environ Med 2005;62:510-516
ICNRP(International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Pretection). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz). Health Phys. 2010;99:818-836
Jones JH. Exposure and control assessment of semiconductor manufacturing. Photolithographyvoltaic Safety 1988: AIP Publishing
LaDou J. Occupational health in the semiconductor industry. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 2000, Washington DC, USA
Marano DE, Boice Jr JD, Munro HM, Chadda BK, Williams ME, et al. Exposure assessment among US workers employed in semiconductor wafer fabrication. J Occup Environ Med 2010;52:1075-1081
McElvenny DM, Darnton AJ, Hodgson JT, Clarke SD, Elliott RC, Osman J. Investigation of cancer incidence and mortality at a Scottish semiconductor manufacturing facility. Occup Med 2003;53:419-430
Park DU, Yang HS, Jeong JY, Ha KC, Choi SJ, et al. A comprehensive review of arsenic levels in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Ann Occup Hyg 2010;54:869-879
Park DU, Byun HJ, Choi SJ, Jeong JY, Yoon CS, et al. Review on potential risk factors in wafer fabrication process of semiconductor industry. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2011a;23:333-342
Rosenthal FS, Abdollahzadeh S. Assessment of extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields in microelectronics fabrication rooms. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1991;6:777-784
Smith T, Sonnenfeld DA, Pellow DN. Challenging the chip: Labor rights and environmental justice in the global electronics industry: Temple University Press; 2006
Sorahan T, Pope DJ, Mckiernan MJ. Cancer Incidence and Cancer Mortality in a Cohort of Semiconductor Workers - an Update. Br J Ind Med 1992;49:215-216
Sorahan T, Waterhouse JAH, Mckiernan MJ, Aston RHR. Cancer Incidence and Cancer Mortality in a Cohort of Semiconductor Workers. Br J Ind Med 1985;42: 546-550
Wald PH, Jones JR. Semiconductor Manufacturing - an Introduction to Processes and Hazards. Am J Ind Med 1987;11:203-221
Watterson A, Ladou J. Health and safety executive inspection of UK semiconductor manufacturers. Int J Occup Environ Health 2003;9:392-396
Woskie SR, Hammond SK, Hines CJ, Hallock MF, Kenyon E, et al. Personal fluoride and solvent exposures, and their determinants, in semiconductor manufacturing. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2000;15:354-361
Zellers ET, Ke H, Smigiel D, Sulewski R, Patrash SJ, et al. Glove permeation by semiconductor processing mixtures containing glycol-ether derivatives. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1992;53:105-116
*원문 PDF 파일 및 링크정보가 존재하지 않을 경우 KISTI DDS 시스템에서 제공하는 원문복사서비스를 사용할 수 있습니다.
오픈액세스 학술지에 출판된 논문
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.