Physiological characteristics of five new apple cultivars from the Korean apple breeding program were evaluated as a function of harvest time and storage after harvest. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were measure...
Physiological characteristics of five new apple cultivars from the Korean apple breeding program were evaluated as a function of harvest time and storage after harvest. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were measured in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', 'Green Ball', 'Picnic', and 'Hwangok' apples at harvest, during shelf life at $20^{\circ}C$, and one day after cold storage at $0.5^{\circ}C$ in air. IEC increased during shelf life in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', and 'Green Ball' but not in 'Picnic' or 'Hwangok', regardless of harvest time. Flesh firmness decreased towards harvest time and decreased gradually with time in cold storage only in the former three cultivars. In turn, IEC increased during cold storage in the first three cultivars but not for the last two cultivars, irrespective of harvest time. Changes in SSC and TA did not consistently relate to harvest time or storage period but TA tended to decrease as IEC increased. Furthermore, IEC was negatively correlated with flesh firmness except in the 'Green Ball' cultivar but the significance level was much greater in 'Summer Dream' and 'Summer King' (p < 0.0001) than in 'Picnic' (p < 0.01) or 'Hwangok' (p < 0.05) cultivars. Flesh firmness was positively correlated with TA in the first three cultivars but not in the last two cultivars. Overall, the results indicate that cultivars for which IEC increased after harvest had reduced flesh firmness and TA after storage.
Physiological characteristics of five new apple cultivars from the Korean apple breeding program were evaluated as a function of harvest time and storage after harvest. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were measured in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', 'Green Ball', 'Picnic', and 'Hwangok' apples at harvest, during shelf life at $20^{\circ}C$, and one day after cold storage at $0.5^{\circ}C$ in air. IEC increased during shelf life in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', and 'Green Ball' but not in 'Picnic' or 'Hwangok', regardless of harvest time. Flesh firmness decreased towards harvest time and decreased gradually with time in cold storage only in the former three cultivars. In turn, IEC increased during cold storage in the first three cultivars but not for the last two cultivars, irrespective of harvest time. Changes in SSC and TA did not consistently relate to harvest time or storage period but TA tended to decrease as IEC increased. Furthermore, IEC was negatively correlated with flesh firmness except in the 'Green Ball' cultivar but the significance level was much greater in 'Summer Dream' and 'Summer King' (p < 0.0001) than in 'Picnic' (p < 0.01) or 'Hwangok' (p < 0.05) cultivars. Flesh firmness was positively correlated with TA in the first three cultivars but not in the last two cultivars. Overall, the results indicate that cultivars for which IEC increased after harvest had reduced flesh firmness and TA after storage.
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제안 방법
All three dependent variables were analyzed by analysis of variance in 5 (apple cultivars) × 3 (harvest time) factorial experiment with a completely randomized design.
All three dependent variables were analyzed by analysis of variance in a 5 (apple cultivars) × 3 (harvest time) factorial experiment with a completely randomized design.
5℃ with 90% relative humidity. Fruit quality attributes were evaluated at 0, 20, 30, and 40 days of cold storage. IEC, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were evaluated from five fruit per cultivar one day after removal from cold storage.
Therefore, the objective of the current research was to characterize IEC and fruit quality attributes of ‘Summer Dream’, ‘Summer King’, ‘Green Ball’, ‘Picnic’, and ‘Hwangok’ apples harvested at three different harvest times then held at 20℃ for shelf-life evaluation or one day after cold storage (0.5℃ for up to 40 days).
대상 데이터
Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit used in these experiments were harvested from ‘Summer Dream’/M.26, ‘Summer King’/M.9, ‘Green Ball’/M.9, ‘Picnic’/M.9, and ‘Hwangok’/M.9 trees (Ban et al., 2014) grown at the experimental orchard of the Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, in Kunwi, Republic of Korea (Latitude: 36°16'6; Longitude: 128°28'11; Elevation: 67 m).
3 to test association between fruit quality attributes from 5 apple cultivars during cold storage. The correlation analysis was performed with five replications (n = 5). Asterisks (*, **, ***, or ****) indicate a statistically significant correlation at p < 0.
Fruit were harvested randomly from the perimeter of each sample tree. Uniformly sized fruit of each cultivar were selected to provide two experimental units for both shelf life evaluation and cold storage studies, which were carried out at the postharvest laboratory at the Kyungpook National University campus in Daegu, Republic of Korea.
데이터처리
Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine main effects and interactions (Version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc., Carry, NC, USA). Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained using the PROC CORR procedure in SAS version 9.
, Carry, NC, USA). Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained using the PROC CORR procedure in SAS version 9.3 to test association between fruit quality attributes from 5 apple cultivars during cold storage. The correlation analysis was performed with five replications (n = 5).
성능/효과
In addition, the number of statistically significant relationships between variables was much higher in ‘Summer Dream’, ‘Summer King’, and ‘Green Ball’ cultivars than in ‘Picnic’ and ‘Hwangok’ cultivars.
In conclusion, several newly bred apple cultivars have been released with different physiological IEC patterns at harvest and during cold storage. Alongside the distinctive IEC patterns, other fruit quality attributes including SSC, TA, and flesh firmness also varied with cultivar.
Of all the parameters assessed, IEC displayed the most distinctive difference among the five apple cultivars during cold storage (Fig. 5). The pattern of IEC levels could be clearly divided into two groups.
The IEC results during shelf life at ambient temperature indicated that the IEC response of ‘Picnic’ and ‘Hwangok’ distinctly differed from the response of the other three cultivars, ‘Summer Dream’, ‘Summer King’, and ‘Green Ball’.
The correlation pattern was remarkably different in ‘Summer Dream’ and ‘Summer King’ compared with ‘Picnic’ and ‘Hwangok’ based on the number and significance of the correlations.
Three 10-year-old ‘Summer Dream’, three 6-year-old ‘Summer King’, ‘Picnic’, and ‘Hwangok’, and three 8-year-old ‘Green Ball’ apple trees were selected.
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