[논문]기후변화와 심리적 적응: 심리적 반응, 적응, 예방

문성원

doi:10.5572/kosae.2016.32.3.237

기후변화와 심리적 적응: 심리적 반응, 적응, 예방
Climate Change and Psychological Adaptation: Psychological Response, Adaptation, and Prevention 원문보기

한국대기환경학회지 = Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, v.32 no.3, 2016년, pp.237 - 247

문성원 (우석대학교 심리학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Global climate change is becoming one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. This article proposes a psychological perspective of climate change adaptation. Climate change-related severe adverse weather events may trigger mental health problems, including increased post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, violence, and even suicide. Forced migration could be considered a coping method for dealing with weather events, but it may also pose a psychological threat. People respond to severe weather events in different ways based on their individual characteristics. Psychological risks from adverse weather events are mediated and moderated by these factors, which are influenced by personal cognition, affect, and motivation. Examinations from a psychological perspective, which have been neglected in the science of climate change thus far, may provide keys to successful adaptation and the prevention of serious psychological problems resulting from the experience of severe weather events. A new prevention strategy has been suggested for coping with climate threats through encouraging attitude change, establishing proactive support systems for vulnerable groups, establishing a PTSD network, and implementing a stress inoculation program.

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문제 정의

따라서, 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 대한 적응 과정에서 가장 소홀히 다루어졌으나 실제로는 가장 핵심적인 역할을 할 수 있는 차원, 즉, 기후변화의 심리적 차원들에 의해서 적응의 문제를 접근하고자 한다. 이를 위해 기후변화와 관련될 수 있는 정신건강 문제들, 기후변화로 인한 강제 이주의 심리적 측면들, 기후변화에 대한 심리적 반응들 및 심리적 적응 행동에 대해서 탐색하고자 하였으며, 이러한 탐색 결과를 토대로 한 심리적 예방에 대해서 제시하고자 하였다.
따라서, 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 대한 적응 과정에서 가장 소홀히 다루어졌으나 실제로는 가장 핵심적인 역할을 할 수 있는 차원, 즉, 기후변화의 심리적 차원들에 의해서 적응의 문제를 접근하고자 한다. 이를 위해 기후변화와 관련될 수 있는 정신건강 문제들, 기후변화로 인한 강제 이주의 심리적 측면들, 기후변화에 대한 심리적 반응들 및 심리적 적응 행동에 대해서 탐색하고자 하였으며, 이러한 탐색 결과를 토대로 한 심리적 예방에 대해서 제시하고자 하였다. 인간의 행동은 생각이나 감정과 무관하게 발생할 수 없는 만큼, 심리적 변수들 간의 관계가 기후변화와 어떤 순환적 영향을 주고받는가를 밝히는 일은 기후변화 문제를 접근하는 데 있어서 무엇보다도 중요하고 의미 있는 일이 될 수 있을 것이다.

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	지구온난화가 초래하는 자연재해에는 무엇이 있는가?	기후변화에 관한 정부 간 협의체(IPCC: Intergovernmental panel on climate change) 2014년 보고서에 따르면, 1983년부터 2012년까지의 기간은 북반구 역사상 가장 더운 30년이었다(IPCC, 2014). 이러한 지구온난화 현상은 집중 호우, 열파, 폭우, 홍수, 폭설, 태풍, 허리케인, 가뭄 등의 위험성을 모두 증가시키면서 인류에게 직간접적 영향을 끼치고 있다. 전 세계적으로, 날씨와 관련된 것으로 보고된 자연재해의 수는 1960년대 이후 세 배 이상이 되었으며, 매해 이들 재해들은 6만명 이상의 사망자들을 특히 개발도상국가에서 발생시키고 있다(WHO: World Health Organization, 2015).
	극단적인 고온 현상이 인간에게 미치는 영향은 무엇인가?	기후변화의 부정적 영향 중에서(UN, 1992) 인간이 가장 직접적으로 경험하게 되는 부분은 건강에 대한 영향 부분이다. 먼저, 폭염이나 열파와 같은 극단적인 고온 현상은 심혈관 질환 및 호흡기 질환으로 인한 사망에 직접적으로 기여하는데 이는 특히 노인들에게 위험하며, 2003년 여름 유럽에서는 열파로 인한 사망이 7만 명이 넘었다(Robin et al., 2003).
	2100년까지 지구 온난화에 의한 해수면의 추이는 어떻게 예측되는가?	21) m 상승했다(IPCC, 2014). 2100년까지 평균 해수면은 약 2m 가량 상승할 가능성이 있다(Hauer et al., 2016).

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