본 연구의 목적은 베트남 커피변경지역이 글로벌 가치사슬에 통합되는 과정에서 나타나는 가치의 전유 및 실현관계를 고찰하고, 공유가치창출에 대한 지속가능한 커피 글로벌 가치사슬의 의미를 분석하고자 한다. 최근 베트남의 대표적 커피 변경지역인 닥락성은 일반 커피생산의 착취적 가치사슬에서 인증 커피 생산에 따른 공유가치사슬로의 전환을 경험하였다. 이와 같은 전환은 글로벌 가치사슬에서 지역의 교섭력과 경쟁우위를 강화시킴으로써 지속적인 가치 창출을 수반할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다. 그러나 실질적으로 농가, 중개인, 외국 가공업체와 같은 지역 이해관계자간 이윤 분배의 위계성이 더욱 심화되는 현상이 나타났다. 이와 같은 현상의 원인은 크게 두 가지 측면에서 나타났다. 첫째, 다국적기업, 중개인, 농가 간 전속관계의 형성은 이해관계자에게 안정적인 시장을 확보해 주었지만, 다국적 기업이 전속 커피 중개인을 통해 농가를 간접적으로 통제함으로써 이해관계자 간 위계가 더욱 심화되었다. 둘째, 공유가치창출의 명목으로 농가로 전가된 사회적 및 생태적 비용이 농가의 경제적 이윤 획득을 악화시킨 반면에 다국적기업으로의 비대칭적이고 위계적인 이윤 분배를 가져왔다. 그 결과, 닥락성에 보다 위계적이고 종속적인 글로벌 가치사슬이 형성되었다.
본 연구의 목적은 베트남 커피변경지역이 글로벌 가치사슬에 통합되는 과정에서 나타나는 가치의 전유 및 실현관계를 고찰하고, 공유가치창출에 대한 지속가능한 커피 글로벌 가치사슬의 의미를 분석하고자 한다. 최근 베트남의 대표적 커피 변경지역인 닥락성은 일반 커피생산의 착취적 가치사슬에서 인증 커피 생산에 따른 공유가치사슬로의 전환을 경험하였다. 이와 같은 전환은 글로벌 가치사슬에서 지역의 교섭력과 경쟁우위를 강화시킴으로써 지속적인 가치 창출을 수반할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다. 그러나 실질적으로 농가, 중개인, 외국 가공업체와 같은 지역 이해관계자간 이윤 분배의 위계성이 더욱 심화되는 현상이 나타났다. 이와 같은 현상의 원인은 크게 두 가지 측면에서 나타났다. 첫째, 다국적기업, 중개인, 농가 간 전속관계의 형성은 이해관계자에게 안정적인 시장을 확보해 주었지만, 다국적 기업이 전속 커피 중개인을 통해 농가를 간접적으로 통제함으로써 이해관계자 간 위계가 더욱 심화되었다. 둘째, 공유가치창출의 명목으로 농가로 전가된 사회적 및 생태적 비용이 농가의 경제적 이윤 획득을 악화시킨 반면에 다국적기업으로의 비대칭적이고 위계적인 이윤 분배를 가져왔다. 그 결과, 닥락성에 보다 위계적이고 종속적인 글로벌 가치사슬이 형성되었다.
The main aim of the research attempts to identify value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee global value chains driven by multinational companies, and to provide some implications of the integration of ...
The main aim of the research attempts to identify value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee global value chains driven by multinational companies, and to provide some implications of the integration of the frontier into sustainable coffee global value chains for creating shared value in Dak Lak, Vietnam. Recently Dak Lak has gone through the transition of value relations from exploitative value chains based upon conventional coffee production into shared value chains relied upon the production of sustainable or certified coffee in Dak Lak. The transition has been expected to result in sustainability in the creation of value by enhancing regional competitive advantages and regional bargaining power in global value chains driven by multinational companies. However, the reality has shown the intensification of hierarchical profits allocation among stakeholders such as farmer, middlemen, and multinational companies in the region. The main reasons for this could be found in two perspectives. Firstly, the formation of exclusive relations among farmers, middlemen, and processors has led to stakeholders to secure market, but resulted in the intensification of hierarchy among them in global value chain, because multinational companies could control indirectly over the farming system through exclusive middlemen. Secondly, social and ecological costs imputed by multinational companies to coffee farmers in the name of creating shared value has deteriorated the economic profits of stakeholders such as farmers and middlemen. As a result, it has led to the configuration of systematically hierarchical and subordinated global value chain in Dak Lak.
The main aim of the research attempts to identify value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee global value chains driven by multinational companies, and to provide some implications of the integration of the frontier into sustainable coffee global value chains for creating shared value in Dak Lak, Vietnam. Recently Dak Lak has gone through the transition of value relations from exploitative value chains based upon conventional coffee production into shared value chains relied upon the production of sustainable or certified coffee in Dak Lak. The transition has been expected to result in sustainability in the creation of value by enhancing regional competitive advantages and regional bargaining power in global value chains driven by multinational companies. However, the reality has shown the intensification of hierarchical profits allocation among stakeholders such as farmer, middlemen, and multinational companies in the region. The main reasons for this could be found in two perspectives. Firstly, the formation of exclusive relations among farmers, middlemen, and processors has led to stakeholders to secure market, but resulted in the intensification of hierarchy among them in global value chain, because multinational companies could control indirectly over the farming system through exclusive middlemen. Secondly, social and ecological costs imputed by multinational companies to coffee farmers in the name of creating shared value has deteriorated the economic profits of stakeholders such as farmers and middlemen. As a result, it has led to the configuration of systematically hierarchical and subordinated global value chain in Dak Lak.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
It is likely to configure GVCs which local stakeholders are exploited and subordinated by MNCs, although it attempts to integrate societal improvement into economic value creation in GVCs towards CSV. In this perspective, the research try to identify relationships between GVCs and CSV in Dak Lak, Vietnam.
The main purpose of this paper is, therefore, to grasp the characteristics of value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee GVCs driven by multinational companies (MNCs), and to identify some implications of the integration of the frontier into GVCs for CSV in Dak Lak, Vietnam. It is essential to understand the allocation of regional economies by analyzing commodity value chains and networks (Smith et al 2002).
What is more, coffee frontier has gone through significant transition from conventional to sustainable or certified coffee value chains since the mid-2000s. Therefore, the research has attempted to analyze changes in value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee GVCs driven by MNCs, and to identify some implications of the integration of the frontier into GVCs for CSV in Dak Lak, Vietnam.
제안 방법
The research carried out 5 times field trips for local data capture, interviews and semi in-depth questionnaire survey between 2013 and 2014. We have indepth interviewed with 12 local coffee processing firms, 3 foreign investment firms, 6 middlemen, 2 members of coffee association in the commune level, and a certified coffee institute.
Global value chain could be regarded as an analytical framework for providing an insight into the spatial system of firms’ business activities in global economies, while creating shared value could be regarded as a practical framework for enabling to build the system of regional (sub-national) development. Therefore, the research uses GVC framework as a lens to identify the position of Dak Lak in the global coffee industry by investigating the roles and relations of local stakeholders involved in coffee GVCs. At the same time, it also uses the CSV framework to establish and suggest a system enabled to allocate profits resulted from the exploited space into local stakeholders, rather than shareholders, by integrating social gains into economic gains.
It is clearly related to the formation of coffee frontiers in Vietnam. Therefore, this section attempts to identify the nature of the emergence of Dak Lak as a coffee frontier by investigating the history of coffee development and the formation of coffee frontier.
This section aims to identify the characteristics of value networks in Dak Lak province by investigating ways in which a coffee frontier has integrated into GVCs. More specifically, it concerns with the transition of value relations from exploitative value chains based upon conventional coffee production into shared value chains relied on the production of sustainable coffee in Dak Lak.
참고문헌 (26)
Agergaard, J., Fold, N. and Gough, K., 2009, Global-local interactions: socioeconomic and spatial dynamics in Vietnam's coffee frontier, 175(2), 133-145.
Chung, S-Y., 2013, The linkage between planned and spontaneous migration: The roles of migration on coffee production in Dak Lak, Vietnam, 16(3), 344-358.
Coe, N., Hess, M., Yeung, H., Dicken, P. and Henderson, J., 2004, Globalizing regional development: a global production networks perspective, 29, 468-484.
Doutriaux, S., Geisler, C. and Shively, G., 2008, Competing for coffee space: Development-induced displacement in the central Highlands of Vietnam, Rural Sociology, 73(4), 2008, pp. 528-554.
Dicken, P., Kelly, P., Olds, K. and Yeung, H., 2001, Chains and networks, territories and scales: towards a relational framework for analyzing the global economy, Global Networks 1(2), 89-112.
Ha, T.H., and Shively, G., 2008, Coffee boom, coffee bust and smallholder response in Vietnam's Central Highlands, Review of Development Economics, 12(2), 312-326.
Ji, H. and Lee, S-C., 2015, Changes in corporate governance and competitiveness in Vietnam: Strategies for the equitization of Vinacafe, Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 18(4), 415-430.
Joh, Y-K., 2013, Frontier, transitional process and coffee production's geography in Dak Lak province, Vietnam, Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 16(3), 323-343.
Lee, S-C., 2013, Coffee middlemen in Dak Lak, Vietnam: A key stakeholder of coffee value chain as an intermediary of changes in local economies, Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 16(3), 372-388.
Matsui, N. and Ikemoto (eds.), 2015, Solidarity economy and social business: New models for a new society, Springer.
Muller, D., 2003, Land-use change in the central Highlands of Vietnam: A spatial econometric model combining satellite imagery and village survey data, unpublished PhD. Dissertation, Institute of Rural Development Georg-August University of Gottingen.
Nguyen, A.T., 1999, The export of agricultural commodities in developing countries: The case of Vietnam's coffee industry in period 1986-1998, unpublished Master thesis, National Economics University.
Nguyen, H., 2015, Empirical study of sustainable export coffee supply chain in Vietnam, International Journal of Business and Management, 10(7), 230-235.
Oxfam International, 2002, Mugged: Poverty in Your Coffee Cup, http://www.oxfamamerica.org/static/media/files/mugged-full-report.pdf, (final access in March 18, 2016).
Porter, M. and Kramer, M., 2011, Creating shared value, 89(1-2), 62-77.
Scherr, S., Mankad, K., Jaffee, S. and Negra, C., 2015, The World Bank.
Smith, A., Rainnie, A., Dunford, M., Hardy, J., Hudson, R. and Sadler, D., 2002, Networks of value, commodities and regions: reworking divisions of labour in macro-regional economies, 26(1), 41-63.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), 2013, GAIN (Global Agricultural Information Network) Reports: Vietnam Coffee Annual May 2013, GAIN Report No.:VM5030, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), 2015, GAIN (Global Agricultural Information Network) Reports: Vietnam Coffee Annual May 2015, GAIN Report No.:VM3026, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service.
Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2007, Improving coffee export product quality, Vietnam Business Forum, posted in April 11, 2007, http://vccinews.com/news_detail.asp?news_id949 (final access in 7th June, 2016).
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.