[논문]Dynamics and Control Methods of Cyanotoxins in Aquatic Ecosystem

Park, Ho-Dong; Han, Jisun; Jeon, Bong-seok

doi:10.11614/ksl.2016.49.2.067

[국내논문] Dynamics and Control Methods of Cyanotoxins in Aquatic Ecosystem 원문보기

생태와 환경 = Korean journal of ecology and environment, v.49 no.2, 2016년, pp.67 - 79

Park, Ho-Dong (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University) , Han, Jisun (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University) , Jeon, Bong-seok (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Cyanotoxins in aquatic ecosystems have been investigated by many researchers worldwide. Cyanotoxins can be classified according to toxicity as neurotoxins (anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s), saxitoxins) or hepatotoxins (microcystins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin). Microcystins are generally present within cyanobacterial cells and are released by damage to the cell membrane. Cyanotoxins have been reported to cause adverse effects and to accumulate in aquatic organisms in lakes, rivers and oceans. Possible pathways of microcystins in Lake Suwa, Japan, have been investigated from five perspectives: production, adsorption, physiochemical decomposition, bioaccumulation and biodegradation. In this study, temporal variability in microcystins in Lake Suwa were investigated over 25 years (1991~2015). In nature, microcystins are removed by biodegradation of microorganisms and/or feeding of predators. However, during water treatment, the use of copper sulfate to remove algal cells causes extraction of a mess of microcystins. Cyanotoxins are removed by physical, chemical and biological methods, and the reduction of nutrients inflow is a basic method to prevent cyanobacterial bloom formation. However, this method is not effective for eutrophic lakes because nutrients are already present. The presence of a cyanotoxins can be a potential threat and therefore must be considered during water treatment. A complete understanding of the mechanism of cyanotoxins degradation in the ecosystem requires more intensive study, including a quantitative enumeration of cyanotoxin degrading microbes. This should be done in conjunction with an investigation of the microbial ecological mechanism of cyanobacteria degradation.

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제안 방법

The chemical structure of cyanotoxins has already been elucidated, but their dynamics in water columns are not yet known. In this study, we summarize and discuss the dynamics of cyanotoxins in lake ecosystems and consider methods for their management, including their production, accumulation (by fish and shellfish) and decomposition (by bacteria).

성능/효과

Electrochemical treatment can remove Microcystis cells and microcystins via the reactive oxygen species and/or reactive chlorine species generated on the anode surface during treatment. Based on the results of laboratory experiments, the removal rate of Microcystis cells and microcystins was over 95%. In addition, phosphorus is deposited onto the cathode surface along with calcium ions as CaHPO₄ (monetite) and/or CaHPO₄·2H₂O (brushite) (Jeon et al.

후속연구

douglasiae collected in Lake Suwa were cultivated during 3 months without microcystins, after which a 10% decrease in microcystins was observed. However, further work is needed to elucidate the dynamics of microcystins between species. Cyanobacterial blooms in lakes travel downstream, eventually reaching the sea.

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