Peters, Cheryl E.
(School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia)
,
Koehoorn, Mieke W.
(School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia)
,
Demers, Paul A.
(Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario)
,
Nicol, Anne-Marie
(Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University)
,
Kalia, Sunil
(Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia)
Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protec...
Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. Methods: Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a questionnaire on demographics, skin cancer risk, sun protection behaviors, and job. Sun protection behavior scores (from questions on sunscreen use, sleeved shirt, hat, shade seeking, sunglasses) were calculated by converting Likert-scale answers to scores from 0 to 4, and taking the mean (separately for work and leisure). Determinants of sun protection behavior scores were examined for work and leisure using generalized linear models. Results: Seventy-seven workers had complete questionnaire data (participation 98%). Sun protection behaviors used most often were hats (79% often/always) and sleeved shirts (82% often/always); least prevalent were shade-seeking (8% often/always) and sunscreen (29% often/always). For both work and leisure scores, the strongest predictor was skin type, with fairer-skinned individuals having higher sun protection behavior scores. Workers had higher scores at work than on weekends. Workplaces that required hats and sleeved shirts for safety purposes had higher protection behavior scores. Conclusion: This high-participation rate cohort helps characterize sun protection behaviors among outdoor workers. Workers practiced better sun protection at work than on weekends, suggesting that workplace policies supportive of sun protection could be useful for skin cancer prevention in the construction industry.
Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. Methods: Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a questionnaire on demographics, skin cancer risk, sun protection behaviors, and job. Sun protection behavior scores (from questions on sunscreen use, sleeved shirt, hat, shade seeking, sunglasses) were calculated by converting Likert-scale answers to scores from 0 to 4, and taking the mean (separately for work and leisure). Determinants of sun protection behavior scores were examined for work and leisure using generalized linear models. Results: Seventy-seven workers had complete questionnaire data (participation 98%). Sun protection behaviors used most often were hats (79% often/always) and sleeved shirts (82% often/always); least prevalent were shade-seeking (8% often/always) and sunscreen (29% often/always). For both work and leisure scores, the strongest predictor was skin type, with fairer-skinned individuals having higher sun protection behavior scores. Workers had higher scores at work than on weekends. Workplaces that required hats and sleeved shirts for safety purposes had higher protection behavior scores. Conclusion: This high-participation rate cohort helps characterize sun protection behaviors among outdoor workers. Workers practiced better sun protection at work than on weekends, suggesting that workplace policies supportive of sun protection could be useful for skin cancer prevention in the construction industry.
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문제 정의
This study provides evidence that outdoor workers at higher risk of sunburn and skin cancer (i.e., lighter skinned) were more likely to practice sun protection behaviors, both at work and leisure. It also showed that older workers were likely to practice protective behaviors.
This study was able to study a cohort of outdoor workers to determine sun protection behavior practices practiced during work hours compared to leisure activities. The prevalence of sun protection behaviors at work by participants in this study was relatively high.
제안 방법
The questions were selected from a standardized set developed for measuring sun protection behaviors in outdoor workers [10]. A pilot version of the questionnaire was pretested on five workers, and modifications were made based on their feedback (mainly increased clarity on skin type and hair color descriptions).
Manual backwards stepwise regression was used. Explanatory variables considered for entry into the model were demographic (sex, age, race), personal risk factors (skin type, hair and eye color, having had more than one childhood sunburn, number of sunburns the previous summer, family history of skin cancer), and training and work characteristics (education, job group, job tenure). The best fit model was chosen by removing the least significant variable one by one, and leaving those variables in the model where p-values were below 0.
, family history of skin cancer). The study was designed in part to contribute to the sparse Canadian literature on occupational sun exposure and protective behaviors, and the fact that it was the first study of its type meant that it was limited in size and functioned at least in part as a pilot project. This led to a smaller and more convenience-based sample of workers.
대상 데이터
Seventy-eight of 80 outdoor workers were recruited (two refused, for a participation rate of 98%). For this study, one worker was excluded due to an incomplete questionnaire, leaving 77 participants. Most were male (95%), young (mean age 38 years), and Caucasian (95%; Table2).
This study was designed to examine sun protection behaviors in a limited industry and many of the 77 participants worked for a few larger employers. This sample size and purposeful sampling strat- egy led to a more homogenous group, and probably contributed to the low number of discernible determinants of sun protection behaviors, even expected ones.
이론/모형
Differences in the use of sun protection behaviors between work and leisure were tested using McNemar test to compare the proportion who often or always practiced the behavior by setting. Hours spent outdoors and the sun protection behavior scores were also compared between work and leisure time, using paired t tests.
3 for Windows; SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA) was used to model the determinants of sun protection behavior scores separately for work and leisure. Manual backwards stepwise regression was used. Explanatory variables considered for entry into the model were demographic (sex, age, race), personal risk factors (skin type, hair and eye color, having had more than one childhood sunburn, number of sunburns the previous summer, family history of skin cancer), and training and work characteristics (education, job group, job tenure).
참고문헌 (21)
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