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제안 방법
- The first method involved testing multiple variants, by firstly, creating a number of design variants that differed from a base case by a single parameter, such as the introduction of an atrium.
- The key objective of this study is to explore and validate the methods by which an integrated workflow, that combines modelling and simulation tools within a single platform, can facilitate the experimental derivation of daylight optimization strategies that are specific to tall building design.
- This study employed an experiment-based research process in which different daylighting strategies were modelled and analysed using Grasshopper and DIVA, for their daylight and energy performance. In particular, two key methods were formulated.
- The first method involved testing multiple variants, by firstly, creating a number of design variants that differed from a base case by a single parameter, such as the introduction of an atrium. Each case was analysed quickly for its heat and light performance and the simulation results were analysed with the aim of deducing guidelines for daylight design in tall buildings.
- The second method involved using simulation data as a parametric input. Unlike the previous method, where alternative cases were generated by arbitrarily altering a chosen parameter, in this method, the simulation results from an initial solar radiation study form the basis of the parametric manipulation of a chosen variable, such as the depth of overhang or size of openings.
- In this study, the goal of optimization was to maximize daylight penetration while minimizing the increase in heat gain due to this increased daylight. Achieving optimum light levels through daylighting would also imply an increase in heat gain due to solar radiation and hence, an increase in energy demand from artificial cooling.
- This method, as applied in the research, involved firstly setting up an appropriate base case and analysing its daylight and energy performance, forming the basis of comparison for subsequent cases. A set of strategies or parameters to be studied, would then be defined, based on which a number of design variants will be defined.
- The thermal load analysis was conducted over the entire year, with the data obtained on a per month basis. On the whole, the cooling energy demand followed the overall trend for outdoor and indoor air temperatures, with a higher energy consumption in the months with higher mean temperatures (Fig.
- For each strategy, the design parameters were incrementally varied via parametric Grasshopper definitions, so as to produce numerous design variants.
- This facilitates the generation of an alternative design variant that directly responds to the performance of the base case. A daylight and heat gain simulation of this variant would then allow for a performance comparison with the base case, such that any issues could be used as feedback to further modify the parametric definition.
- However, given that the base case already experienced poor daylight performance, a possible alternative could be to use the findings from Method 1 to first improve the building's daylight performance, before applying Method 2 to negotiate the negative issues of heat gain and glare.
- In conclusion, through this research, it was possible to firstly validate the effectiveness of the proposed workflow and secondly, explore different daylighting strategies in the context of tall buildings. Two methods were devised to apply this workflow with the help of DIVA and Rhino/Grasshopper - the first used a multiple variant analysis while the second applied the simulation data as an input in the parametric definition.
- In conclusion, through this research, it was possible to firstly validate the effectiveness of the proposed workflow and secondly, explore different daylighting strategies in the context of tall buildings. Two methods were devised to apply this workflow with the help of DIVA and Rhino/Grasshopper - the first used a multiple variant analysis while the second applied the simulation data as an input in the parametric definition.
- The contribution from this research is to suggest direct and intuitive design methods to architects with concerning of daylight strategies and energy performance while they are still explore schematic design. In particular, the conceptual aims of introducing diversity and interactive office space in a tall building could be integrated with the optimized daylight needs.
- The basic massing study could be more effectively achieved based on the strategies explored in Method 1, with the use of few variants to increase daylight penetration, particularly into the centre of the building.
- This study seeks to propose a more efficient and effective, integrated workflow, wherein the processes of modelling and analysis are carried out within a single platform - this significantly reduces the time, effort and risk of error involved in each simulation.
대상 데이터
- - Settings; Based on the site dimensions, plot ratio and height restrictions of the selected site at Marina Bay, Singapore, a base case was set-up with a square footprint of 55 by 55 meter. It had a height of 200 meter, with fifty storeys - each with a floor to floor height of four meter.
- This work was supported by the Dept. of Architecture at the National University of Singapore (#R295000109133).
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