Silvetia siliquosa is an ecologically and commercially important brown alga that is harvested from its natural habitats, but its population has recently been diminishing along the Korean coast. To develop new techniques for algal population restoration, we tested two newly developed transplantation ...
Silvetia siliquosa is an ecologically and commercially important brown alga that is harvested from its natural habitats, but its population has recently been diminishing along the Korean coast. To develop new techniques for algal population restoration, we tested two newly developed transplantation methods (using polyethylene ropes and natural rock pieces) at two study sites, Gwanmaedo and Yeongsando, on the southwest coast of Korea, from May to November 2014. The transplants on polyethylene ropes showed significantly greater survival, maturity, and growth than those on natural rocks at both study sites. Newly recruited juveniles (<3 cm) of S. siliquosa increased remarkably from May to December near the transplants on polyethylene ropes and natural rocks.Therefore, we suggest that transplantation using polyethylene ropes is more effective than using natural rocks to restore the population of S. siliquosa in Korea.
Silvetia siliquosa is an ecologically and commercially important brown alga that is harvested from its natural habitats, but its population has recently been diminishing along the Korean coast. To develop new techniques for algal population restoration, we tested two newly developed transplantation methods (using polyethylene ropes and natural rock pieces) at two study sites, Gwanmaedo and Yeongsando, on the southwest coast of Korea, from May to November 2014. The transplants on polyethylene ropes showed significantly greater survival, maturity, and growth than those on natural rocks at both study sites. Newly recruited juveniles (<3 cm) of S. siliquosa increased remarkably from May to December near the transplants on polyethylene ropes and natural rocks.Therefore, we suggest that transplantation using polyethylene ropes is more effective than using natural rocks to restore the population of S. siliquosa in Korea.
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문제 정의
These findings suggest that the transplants had a great capacity to survive and grow in the environmental conditions of the two study sites, and also achieved successful reproduction and recruitment. Therefore, our results are encouraging for the potential restoration and re-vegetation of this endangered species in the temperate rocky shores of Korea. However, there are still some other environmental factors, such as competition and grazing, which may prevent the increase of S.
Furthermore, many new recruits were observed around the transplants, indicating successful reproduction by transplantation. This study may contribute to the development of an effective way for the re-establishment of some endangered seaweeds, especially those species with economic and ecological importance. In addition, compared to the establishment of artificial seaweed reefs, which is associated with high cost and difficulty, the transplantation methods in this study are cheaper and easier, leading to successful restoration.
Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and choose a suitable restoration method, which increases or maintains S. siliquosa population under severe overharvesting stress. We tested two transplantation methods by comparing the growth, survival, and maturation of S.
제안 방법
siliquosa population under severe overharvesting stress. We tested two transplantation methods by comparing the growth, survival, and maturation of S. siliquosa at two study sites to find out a proper restoration method. Furthermore, we also examined the transplant effects on the recruitment of S.
대상 데이터
Field studies were conducted at Gwanmaedo (34°23′ N, 126°03′ E) and Yeongsando (34°65′ N, 125°46′ E), both located in a National Park, Jeonnam, Korea (Fig. 1).
The stones were fixed to the natural rocks of Gwanmaedo and Yeongsando using underwater epoxy cement (mixed cement powder and seawater at a ratio of 3 : 1) after removing all organisms inhabiting the rock surfaces by using a steel brush. Four replicate stones were established at each study site with a total of 69-72 transplants (Table 2).
1. Map of the two study sites, Yeongsando, Sinan (A) and Gwanmaedo, Jindo (B) located on the southwestern coast of Korea.
Transplantation using polyethylene ropes was carried out on the rocky shores of Gwanmaedo on May 12 and at Yeongsando on May 13. Six replicate ropes with a total of 90-95 transplants were established at each study site (Table 2).
데이터처리
A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test the effects of sampling month and study site on the survival, maturity, and growth (length and width) of S. siliquosa for rope and stone transplant methods. Prior to analysis, homogeneity of variance was tested using Cochran’s test.
성능/효과
The survivorship of the transplants was significantly different between the study sites and between the sampling months (Table 3). Also, the survivorship of S. siliquosa transplants depended on the transplantation method at each study site; rope transplants showed significantly higher survivorship at Yeongsando, but stone transplants survived better at Gwanmaedo than at Yeongsando (Fig. 3). The survivorship was higher (9-40%) for rope transplants compared to stone transplants in November 2014 (Fig.
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that polyethylene rope transplantation method showing better survival, growth, and maturity seems to be more appropriate with greater potential for restoration of S.siliquosapopulations in Korea as compared to stone transplantation method. Furthermore, many new recruits were observed around the transplants, indicating successful reproduction by transplantation.
5D). These results showed that reproduction of S. siliquosa occurred mainly in summer, but the reproductive peak period was slightly earlier at Gwanmaedo than at Yeongsando. Furthermore, receptacle production was significantly greater in rope transplants than in stone transplants (Fig.
후속연구
In addition, compared to the establishment of artificial seaweed reefs, which is associated with high cost and difficulty, the transplantation methods in this study are cheaper and easier, leading to successful restoration. Further studies should be performed to test the effect of grazing on survival and growth of S. siliquosa recruits.
Such complex substratum structures of polyethylene ropes made increased juvenile recruitment as compared to simple and flat stone surface. However, to elucidate these complex mechanisms, well-designed further researches should be conducted.
siliquosa at Yeongsando site with very low biomass. The results of this study could provide important information for seaweed population restoration in Korea and possibly in other parts of the world.
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