Glucosinolates (GSLs), beneficial secondary metabolites for human health are abundantly present in radish vegetable. Radish is a member of Brassicaceae family and its seed, leaf and root contain very important GSLs. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of individual and total G...
Glucosinolates (GSLs), beneficial secondary metabolites for human health are abundantly present in radish vegetable. Radish is a member of Brassicaceae family and its seed, leaf and root contain very important GSLs. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of individual and total GSL contents in leaves and roots of 44 radish (Raphanus spp.) germplasm (26 R. sativus L., 3 R. raphanistrum, and 15 R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides Makino), and compare the GSL contents between leaves and roots among three Raphanus species. Thirteen GSLs were identified, being the glucoraphasatin (GRS) and glucobrassicin (GBS) the most abundant aliphatic and indolyl GSLs in both the leaves and roots. Variation in individual and total GSL contents was found among the germplasm of three Raphanus species. The GRS content was higher in roots than that of leaves in all three Raphanus species but the GBS content was higher in leaves than roots. GRS was represented 87.0%, 92.7% and 94.7% of the total GSL in roots of R. sativus L., R. raphanistrum and R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) germplasm, respectively. Germplasm of R. raphanistrum exhibited the highest (average, $79.5{\mu}mol/g\;dw$) total GSL with a ranged from 62.7 to $92.9{\mu}mol/g\;dw$. The germplasm IT119288, Joseonmu and IT119262 from R. sativus L., RA 504 and K046542 from R. raphanistrum, and Gyeongju-2003-32 (G2003-32) and IT302373 from R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) had high total GSL contents and these could be good candidates for developing the functional compounds-rich varieties in radish breeding program.
Glucosinolates (GSLs), beneficial secondary metabolites for human health are abundantly present in radish vegetable. Radish is a member of Brassicaceae family and its seed, leaf and root contain very important GSLs. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of individual and total GSL contents in leaves and roots of 44 radish (Raphanus spp.) germplasm (26 R. sativus L., 3 R. raphanistrum, and 15 R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides Makino), and compare the GSL contents between leaves and roots among three Raphanus species. Thirteen GSLs were identified, being the glucoraphasatin (GRS) and glucobrassicin (GBS) the most abundant aliphatic and indolyl GSLs in both the leaves and roots. Variation in individual and total GSL contents was found among the germplasm of three Raphanus species. The GRS content was higher in roots than that of leaves in all three Raphanus species but the GBS content was higher in leaves than roots. GRS was represented 87.0%, 92.7% and 94.7% of the total GSL in roots of R. sativus L., R. raphanistrum and R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) germplasm, respectively. Germplasm of R. raphanistrum exhibited the highest (average, $79.5{\mu}mol/g\;dw$) total GSL with a ranged from 62.7 to $92.9{\mu}mol/g\;dw$. The germplasm IT119288, Joseonmu and IT119262 from R. sativus L., RA 504 and K046542 from R. raphanistrum, and Gyeongju-2003-32 (G2003-32) and IT302373 from R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) had high total GSL contents and these could be good candidates for developing the functional compounds-rich varieties in radish breeding program.
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문제 정의
With increase interest in human nutrition and health, it is necessary to investigate the profiles and level of GSLs in the collections of Raphanus species. This study was aimed to identify the GSL content in the germplasm of three different Raphanus species and recommend the potential germplasm for the development of new varieties in radish breeding program.
제안 방법
For the qualitative and the quantitative analysis of DS-GSLs, HPLC-MS (FINNIGAN LCQ Deca XP MAX, Thermo Scientific, USA), which uses Inertsil ODS-3 (2.1×150 ㎜ I.D., 5 ㎛; GL Sciences, Japan) reversed phase column, was used.
This study analyzed the GSL in both the leaves and roots of Raphanus species using HPLC protocol. A total of 13 GSLs were identified in both the leaves and root tissues of radish.
대상 데이터
These germplasm were conserved in National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC), RDA, and Korea and then, evaluated at experimental field of NAC, Suwon (37°17′27″ N 127°00′32″E).
데이터처리
0, Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the difference between means of three Raphanus species using SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and significant means were further compared using Student-Newman-Keuls test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was done on the mean data of leaves and root GSL of each three Raphanus species using Multibase program (http://www.
, Chicago, IL, USA) and significant means were further compared using Student-Newman-Keuls test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was done on the mean data of leaves and root GSL of each three Raphanus species using Multibase program (http://www.numericaldynamics.com).
성능/효과
(2013) identified eleven GSLs in turnip germplasm which is closed to our result. Eight GSLs consisting of four aliphatic (glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, glucoraphasatin and sinigrin) and four indolyl (glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) were detected in both the leaves and roots of each Raphanus species. But in the study of Ishida et al.
30 µmol/g dw) in roots. In R. sativus L. germplasm, glucoraphasatin, a predominant aliphatic GSL, was represented 42.2% and 87.1% of the total GSL in leaves and roots, respectively. In contrast, high glucoraphanin was reported in seed (Han et al.
In the germplasm of R. raphanistrum, the predominant GSLs in leaves were glucoraphastin (9.7 µmol/g dw) and glucobrassicin (4.07µmol/g dw) followed by sinigrin (3.62 µmol/g dw) and represented 50.5%, 21.2% and 18.8% of the total GSL, respectively.
raphanistroides (Makino) were grouped together except few accessions. In this study, PCA could not distinguish clearly among the three Raphanus species. GSL contents and their types vary on among Brassica species and between cultivars of the same species (Bradshaw et al.
8% of the total GSLs). The aliphatic GSLs in leaves and roots were represented about 62.9% and 94.0% of the total GSL, respectively, while indolyl GSL represented 36.7% and 5.9% of the total GSL in leaves and roots of three Raphanus species, respectively (data not shown). Differences observed in aliphatic composition in this study might be due to allelic variation in few genes encoding key regulatory enzymes at key points in the GSL pathway.
The data obtained for the thirteen GSLs content in leaves and roots of the three Raphanus species were subjected to PCA to outline GSL profile differences among the radish germplasm. PCA revealed that the two highest ranking principal components accounted for 99.
(2012), they reported three aliphatic GSLs (glucoraphanin, glucoerucin and glucoraphasatin) and three indolyl GSLs (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) in the roots of Japanese radish cultivars. Three GSLs (glucoraphasatin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) in leaves and roots were detected more than 85% of the germplasm of each Raphanus species. Previous work has shown that three GSLs (glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin) were detected about 90% of the turnip varieties (Padilla et al.
Total GSL contents in roots was varied from 50.70 to 73.02µmol/g dw with an average of 60.30 µmol/g dw in R. raphanistrum which represented 75.85% of the total GSL.
var. raphanistrodes (Makino), glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin and sinigrin were detected in leaves between 73% and 87% of the germplasm, while glucoalyssin, glucoraphanin and sinigrin were identified in roots between the 26% and 40% of the germplasm. Gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin and progoitrin were not present in the leaves and roots of R.
후속연구
, 2004). Regarding the total GSL contents, the germplasm IT119288, Joseonmu, IT119262, RA 504, K046542, G2003-32, IT302373 and K036805 could have potential health benefit as well as promising source for future breeding purpose.
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