In this paper, we defined the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone and investigated its correlation with hip bone mineral density values of total femur, femoral neck, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter and femoral ward's triangle, respectively. Based on the correlations, ...
In this paper, we defined the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone and investigated its correlation with hip bone mineral density values of total femur, femoral neck, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter and femoral ward's triangle, respectively. Based on the correlations, we established a linear transformation between the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone and each hip bone BMD. We obtained forearm images using CBCT and hip bone BMDs using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for 28 subjects. We also investigated the optimal forearm region to provide the strongest correlation coefficient. We used the optimized forearm region to establish each linear transformation to estimate BMD values for total femur, femoral neck, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter and femoral ward's triangle from the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone, respectively. We observed the strong correlations with total femur (r=0.889), femoral neck (r=0.924), femoral trochanter (r=0.821), femoral inter-trochanter (r=0.867) and femoral ward's triangle (r=0.895), respectively. The strongest correlation was observed in the forearm mid-shaft regions. Our results suggest that the hip bone BMD values can be simply estimated from forearm CBCT images in a convenient sitting position without X-ray exposure on a hip including genital organs, and may be useful for screening osteoporosis.
In this paper, we defined the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone and investigated its correlation with hip bone mineral density values of total femur, femoral neck, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter and femoral ward's triangle, respectively. Based on the correlations, we established a linear transformation between the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone and each hip bone BMD. We obtained forearm images using CBCT and hip bone BMDs using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for 28 subjects. We also investigated the optimal forearm region to provide the strongest correlation coefficient. We used the optimized forearm region to establish each linear transformation to estimate BMD values for total femur, femoral neck, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter and femoral ward's triangle from the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone, respectively. We observed the strong correlations with total femur (r=0.889), femoral neck (r=0.924), femoral trochanter (r=0.821), femoral inter-trochanter (r=0.867) and femoral ward's triangle (r=0.895), respectively. The strongest correlation was observed in the forearm mid-shaft regions. Our results suggest that the hip bone BMD values can be simply estimated from forearm CBCT images in a convenient sitting position without X-ray exposure on a hip including genital organs, and may be useful for screening osteoporosis.
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제안 방법
In our study, we investigated the correlation between RAFC and five hip bone BMD values of total femur, femoral neck, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter and femoral ward’s triangle.
In this paper, we further investigated and extended the correlations between five hip bone BMD values and the relative cross-sectional areas of forearm cortical bone: total femur, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter, and femoral ward’s triangle as well as femoral neck.
Due to the low cost and low radiation dose, it became popular, its use widespread. In this pilot study, we obtain the forearm bone CT images using CBCT, especially for mid-shaft area. Subsequently, the RAFCM is measured automatically based on the cortices thickness to the amount of total bone.
Given the established linear regression, the statistical t-test for regression slope was performed. The test determines whether there is a significant linear relationship between the independent variable RAFCG and the dependent variable each BMD. To apply the linear regression t-test, we calculated standard error of the slope and found the p-value.
We also investigated the entire range of a forearm, and found that the best position providing the highest correlation value was a mid-shaft region. To further analysis, we investigated the correlation values of other three additional parameters: cross-sectional areas of a cortical bone, a trabecular bone and a total bone in a mid-shaft. Table 4 summarizes the comparison of the correlation coefficient values with cross-sectional areas of a cortical bone, a trabecular bone area and a total bone in a mid-shaft as well as RAFCM.
We obtained the forearm images from CBCT and quantified RAFC from cross-sectional images to investigate the correlations with hip bone BMDs: total femur, femoral neck, femoral trochanter, femoral inter-trochanter and femoral ward’s triangle, which BMD values were measured by DXA (Discovery-W scanner, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA).
대상 데이터
86 years. Among them, 14 osteoporosis patients and 14 non-osteoporosis subjects were involved in this pilot study. Their detailed demographic data are summarized in Table 1.
were repeatedly computed for all the 797 slice images, which were scanned through a forearm. For the experiment, we used the 797 slice images, which were commonly scanned for all subjects. As post-processing, three radiologists found a 50-slice mid-shaft area that was defined as region M.
, Bedford, MA). The entire measurement and analysis procedure were confirmed by three radiologists in Wonkwang University Hospital (WKUH).
We obtained forearm images of 28 subjects using peripheral CBCT (PHION, Nano Focus Ray, Jeonju, Korea). The study subjects consisted of 8 men and 20 women with a mean age of 57.86 years. Among them, 14 osteoporosis patients and 14 non-osteoporosis subjects were involved in this pilot study.
데이터처리
according to each slice image region G and each different hip bone: TF, FN, FT, FI and WT. Given the established linear regression, the statistical t-test for regression slope was performed. The test determines whether there is a significant linear relationship between the independent variable RAFCG and the dependent variable each BMD.
The Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used for calculating linear regression analysis.
The Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used for calculating linear regression analysis. The correlation between RAFCG and each BMD was analyzed using correlation coefficient r. The linear regression lines with k and c were determined using the least-squares method.
The statistical t-tests for regression slopes for all TF, FN, FT, FI and WT revealed significant linear relationships between each RAFCM and each BMD value. We further used the estimated BMD # to calculate the RMSEs and MAPEs from each BMD value.
이론/모형
The correlation between RAFCG and each BMD was analyzed using correlation coefficient r. The linear regression lines with k and c were determined using the least-squares method. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were calculated in order to evaluate this estimation as defined by the following formula:
성능/효과
895), respectively. Our results suggest that DXA-based hip bone BMD values can be accurately estimated using forearm CBCT images and may be used in an osteoporosis screening system, with patients placed in a convenient sitting position. Peripheral CBCT-based BMD measurement may provide significant value for prevention and early treatment and management of osteoporosis.
We recently found a strong correlation between relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone and femoral neck BMD [17]. This correlation reflects that the quality and loading properties of the femur and radius are related because they are both appendicular bones, and the relative cross-sectional area of forearm cortical bone can predict the BMD value of the femoral neck: the BMD of the femoral neck can be estimated by scanning a forearm using peripheral cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a convenient sitting position without X-ray exposure to the hip region that includes the genital organs.
후속연구
Because the cancer occurrence by X-ray exposure is one of the main factors, the X-ray exposure of the only forearm mid-shaft area is better than that of the axial skeleton near hip area. To further validate these clinical results, future studies with a larger subject population are needed.
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