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Physical and Chemical Weathering Indices for Biotite Granite and Granitic Weathered Soil in Gyeongju 원문보기

지질공학 = The journal of engineering geology, v.27 no.4, 2017년, pp.451 - 462  

Ban, Jae-Doo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ,  Moon, Seong-Woo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ,  Lee, Seong-Won (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ,  Lee, Joo-Gong (Bon E&C Corporation Ltd.) ,  Seo, Yong-Seok (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Physical weathering caused by external forces and chemical weathering caused by the decomposition or alteration of constituent materials are the two factors that dominate the mechanical properties of rocks. In this study, a field investigation was undertaken to identify the physical and chemical wea...

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제안 방법

  • The powder method is used to identify the substances of interest, qualitative analysis of minerals, analysis of phase changes according to temperature or pressure, changes in textures, and quantification of mineral contents when multiple substances are mixed. In this study, the powder method was used for obtain both qualitative and quantitative analyses.
  • Modal, XRD, and XRF analysis, along with physical property tests, particle size distribution tests, and slake durability tests were carried out to determine the physical and chemical weathering properties of the biotite granite and granitic weathered soil in the study area. The samples were pre-treated by molding, powdering, or other methods, depending on the sample types (FR, MW, HW, RS-1, and RS-2), prior to testing or analysis.
  • To determine the physical and chemical properties of biotite granite and granitic weathered soils from the Gyeongju area, field investigations were first carried out. The rock and weathered soil samples collected from the study area were analyzed by modal analysis, XRD, XRF, physical property tests, and slake durability tests. According to the results of the field investigations, traces of rill erosion were commonly observed on those slope faces composed of granitic weathered soil, and fine-grained material had been washed away and deposited at the bottom of the slope faces.
  • To determine the physical properties of the granite and granitic weathered soils in the study area, laboratory tests were conducted on samples RS-1 and RS-2 by applying the ASTM (ASTM D 2216-10) method to measure water contents in the soils, and the soil specific gravity test (ASTM D854-10). These physical property tests were conducted on six samples (three from RS-1 and three from RS-2) to determine the dry unit weights, specific gravity, water contents, and porosity (Table 4).
  • To determine the physical properties of the granite and granitic weathered soils in the study area, laboratory tests were conducted on samples RS-1 and RS-2 by applying the ASTM (ASTM D 2216-10) method to measure water contents in the soils, and the soil specific gravity test (ASTM D854-10). These physical property tests were conducted on six samples (three from RS-1 and three from RS-2) to determine the dry unit weights, specific gravity, water contents, and porosity (Table 4).

대상 데이터

  • Fresh (FR), moderately weathered (MW), and highly weathered (HW) samples, as assessed by visual observation, were collected to identify the weathering properties of biotite granite in the Gyeongju area. The FR samples were collected from drill cores of a single rock mass at a distance of ~8 km from the study area while the MW and HW samples were collected from drill cores taken within the study area (Fig. 1). The soil samples RS-1 and RS-2 represent the residual soil (RS) and were collected using a ring sampler from slope faces in the study.
  • The XRF instrument was set up with an RhKα X-ray target, and the an element analysis range from No. 4 Beryllium to No. 92 Uranium.
  • The geology of the study area consists of Cetaceous biotite granite, black shale and red shale, and Quaternary alluvial deposits in valleys (Fig. 1). Shales of the Cretaceous Silla Group form the bedrocks, and consist of layers of black shale, red shale, hornfels, and sandstone.

이론/모형

  • 02° in the range of 5° to 65°. Quantitative analysis utilizing the XRD results was conducted using a Siroquant program for the quantitatively calculation of minerals using the full analysis pattern.
  • The degree of wear caused during the test is expressed as follows: (mass after test/mass before test) × 100 (%). Slake durability tests were carried out using the ASTM D 4644-04 test method. The samples were molded into a spherical shape, the mass of each sample was in the range of 40 to 60 g, and the total mass was distributed in the range of 450 to 550 g.
  • Particle size distribution analyses were carried out to classify the granitic weathered soils according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and to determine the particle size distribution and the component ratios of gravels, sand, and silt/clay. This analysis was conducted using the sieve-analysis test (ASTM D422-63).
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참고문헌 (26)

  1. ASTM Standard D 422-63, 2007, Standard test method for particle size analysis of soil, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007, www.astm.org. 

  2. ASTM Standard D 854-10, 2010, Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org. 

  3. ASTM Standard D 2216-10, 2010, Standard test method for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org. 

  4. ASTM Standard D 4644-04, 2010, Standard test method for slake durability of shales and similar weak rocks, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org. 

  5. Bryan, R. B., 2000, Soil erodibility and processes of water erosion on hillslope, Geomorphology, 32, 385-415. 

  6. Choo, C. O. and Jeong G. C., 2011, Characterization of microtextures formed by chemical weathering in crystalline rocks and implications for rock mechanics, The Journal of Engineering Geology, 21(4), 381-391 (in Korean with English abstract). 

  7. Guerra, A. J. T., Fullen, M. A., Jorge, M. C. O., Bezerra, J. F. R., and Shokr, M. S., 2017, Slope processes, mass movement and soil erosion: A review, Pedosphere, 27(1), 27-41. 

  8. Ha, J. Y., 2007, Evaluation on the field applicability for afforestation of weathered granite slope, MSc Thesis, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 54p (in Korean). 

  9. Han, K. C., Ryu, D. W., Cheon D. S., and Hong, E. S., 2008, A Case Study on the Stability Analysis of a Cutting Slope Composed of Weathered Granite and Soil, Tunnel and Underground Space, 18(4), 289-299 (in Korean with English abstract). 

  10. Harnois, L., 1988, The CIW index: a new Chemical Index of Weathering, Sedimentary Geology, 55(3-4), 319-322. 

  11. Irfan, T. Y. and Dearman, W. R., 1978, Engineering classification and index properties of a weathered granite, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 17(1), 79-90. 

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  13. Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS), 1995, Engineering properties and application of weathered granite and residual soil, 382p (in Japanese). 

  14. Kim, N. J., Kwon, Y. I., and Jin, M. S., 1971, Explanatory text of the geological map of Moryang sheet (1:50,000), Geological Survey of Korea, 34p. 

  15. Kim, T. S. and Han, H. S., 2017, Weathering sensitivities of weathered granite soil in hamyang according to test equipment properties, Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 17(2), 237-245 (in Korean with English abstract). 

  16. Lee, G. C., 1998, Geotechnical characteristics of decomposed granite soils related to the degree of weathering, PhD. Thesis, Chonnam National University, 248p (in Korean). 

  17. Nesbitt, H. W. and Young, G. M., 1982, Early proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites, Nature, 299, 715-717. 

  18. Park, K. G., Hwang, S. I., and Yoon S. O., 2015, Rock weathering characteristics of Daebo granite at Mt. Dobong, Mt. Bukhan, Mt. Surak and Mt. Bulan in Northern Seoul, Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, 22(2), 13-26 (in Korean with English abstract). 

  19. Parker, A., 1970, An index of weathering for sillicate rocks, Geological Magazine, 107(6), 501-504. 

  20. Roaldset, E., 1972, Mineralogy and geochemistry of quaternary clays in the Numedal area, Southern Norway, Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 52, 335-369. 

  21. Reiche, P., 1943, Graphic representation of chemical weathering, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 13(2), 58-68. 

  22. Ruxton, p. p., 1968, Measures of the degree of chemical weathering of rock, The Journal of Geology, 76, 518-527. 

  23. Shen, H., Zheng, F., Wen, L., Lu, J., and Jiang, Y., 2015, An experimental study of rill erosion and morphology, Geomorphology, 231, 193-201. 

  24. Sueoka, T., 1988, Identification and classification of granite residual soils using chemical weathering index. Second International Conference Geomechanics in Tropical Soils, Singapore, 55-61. 

  25. Vogel, D. E., 1973, Precambrian weathering in acid metavolcanic rocks from the Super Province, Villebon Township, South-Central Qubec, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 12(12), 2080-2085. 

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