PM10 농도의 시공간적 분포 특징과 국지적 기온 변화 간의 상관관계: 부산광역시 사례 분석 Spaciotemporal Distributions of PM10 Concentration and Their Correlation with Local Temperature Changes : a Case Study of Busan Metropolitan City원문보기
본 연구의 목적은 2001~2015년 동안 부산광역시의 $PM_{10}$ 농도가 기온변화 패턴에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 최근 15년간 관측된 부산광역시 $PM_{10}$ 농도는 꾸준한 감소 추세를 보이고 있다. 계절적 $PM_{10}$ 농도는 평균적으로 봄철에 가장 높게 나타났고, 겨울철, 여름철, 가을철의 순으로 관측되었지만, 관측 지점별로 계절적 평균 농도 순위는 일정하지 않았다. $PM_{10}$ 농도의 구간별 발생 빈도를 분석한 결과, 가장 높은 빈도로 관측된 미세먼지 농도는 $20{\mu}g/m^3{\sim}60{\mu}g/m^3$ 범위로 조사되었고, 이는 전체 관측일수의 64.6%에 달했다. 황사일과 비황사일의 월평균 농도를 공간적으로 비교한 결과, 황사의 영향이 상대적으로 작은 겨울철에 미세먼지 농도의 서고동저 패턴이 다소 강하게 나타난 반면, 황사의 영향이 증가하는 봄철에는 지역적 차이가 감소하였다. 단순화된 연간 기온 곡선을 이용하여 산출한 월평균 기온증감률을 $PM_{10}$ 농도와 비교한 결과, $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화는 연구지역 평균 기온상승률과 음의 상관관계를 보임에 따라 $PM_{10}$ 농도 감소 추세는 연중 기온 변화 폭(연교차)의 증가 경향으로 이어졌다. 전체적으로 $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화는 연평균기온과는 미미한 상관관계를 나타냈지만, 연평균기온에 지배적인 영향을 주는 겨울철로 국한할 때 $PM_{10}$ 농도와 기온은 비교적 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 에너지 수지 측면에서, $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화는 복사에너지의 반사와 흡수에 따른 복사강제력에 영향을 미쳐 온난화 또는 냉각효과에 기여하게 되는데, 연구지역의 $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화와 기온 변화 간의 상관관계는 시공간적으로 일정하지 않고 도시 대기 질에 연관된 사회경제적 요인이 고려되지 않아 통계적 유의성은 제한적으로 나타났다.
본 연구의 목적은 2001~2015년 동안 부산광역시의 $PM_{10}$ 농도가 기온변화 패턴에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 최근 15년간 관측된 부산광역시 $PM_{10}$ 농도는 꾸준한 감소 추세를 보이고 있다. 계절적 $PM_{10}$ 농도는 평균적으로 봄철에 가장 높게 나타났고, 겨울철, 여름철, 가을철의 순으로 관측되었지만, 관측 지점별로 계절적 평균 농도 순위는 일정하지 않았다. $PM_{10}$ 농도의 구간별 발생 빈도를 분석한 결과, 가장 높은 빈도로 관측된 미세먼지 농도는 $20{\mu}g/m^3{\sim}60{\mu}g/m^3$ 범위로 조사되었고, 이는 전체 관측일수의 64.6%에 달했다. 황사일과 비황사일의 월평균 농도를 공간적으로 비교한 결과, 황사의 영향이 상대적으로 작은 겨울철에 미세먼지 농도의 서고동저 패턴이 다소 강하게 나타난 반면, 황사의 영향이 증가하는 봄철에는 지역적 차이가 감소하였다. 단순화된 연간 기온 곡선을 이용하여 산출한 월평균 기온증감률을 $PM_{10}$ 농도와 비교한 결과, $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화는 연구지역 평균 기온상승률과 음의 상관관계를 보임에 따라 $PM_{10}$ 농도 감소 추세는 연중 기온 변화 폭(연교차)의 증가 경향으로 이어졌다. 전체적으로 $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화는 연평균기온과는 미미한 상관관계를 나타냈지만, 연평균기온에 지배적인 영향을 주는 겨울철로 국한할 때 $PM_{10}$ 농도와 기온은 비교적 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 에너지 수지 측면에서, $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화는 복사에너지의 반사와 흡수에 따른 복사강제력에 영향을 미쳐 온난화 또는 냉각효과에 기여하게 되는데, 연구지역의 $PM_{10}$ 농도 변화와 기온 변화 간의 상관관계는 시공간적으로 일정하지 않고 도시 대기 질에 연관된 사회경제적 요인이 고려되지 않아 통계적 유의성은 제한적으로 나타났다.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the climatic impact of $PM_{10}$ concentration on the temperature change pattern in Busan Metropolitan City(BMC), Korea during 2001~2015. Mean $PM_{10}$ concentration of BMC has gradually declined over the past 15 years. While...
The main objective of this study was to investigate the climatic impact of $PM_{10}$ concentration on the temperature change pattern in Busan Metropolitan City(BMC), Korea during 2001~2015. Mean $PM_{10}$ concentration of BMC has gradually declined over the past 15 years. While the highest $PM_{10}$ concentration was observed in spring followed by winter, summer, and fall on average, the seasonal variations of $PM_{10}$ concentration differed from place to place within the city. Frequency analysis showed that the most frequently observed $PM_{10}$ concentration ranged from $20{\mu}g/m^3$ to $60{\mu}g/m^3$, which accounted for 64.6% of all daily observations. Overall, the west-high and east-low pattern of $PM_{10}$ concentration was relatively strong during the winter when the effect of yellow-dust events on the air quality was weak. Comparative analyses between $PM_{10}$ concentration and monthly temperature slope derived from generalized temperature curves indicated that the decreasing trend of $PM_{10}$ concentration was associated with increases of annual temperature range, and $PM_{10}$ concentration had a negative relationship with the temperature slope of warming months. Overall, $PM_{10}$ concentration had a weak correlation with the annual mean temperature, but it had a significant, positive correlation with the winter season, which had a dominant influence on the annual mean temperature. In terms of energy budget, it has been known that the change in $PM_{10}$ concentration contributes to the warming or cooling effect by affecting the radiative forcing due to the reflection and absorption of radiant energy. The correlation between $PM_{10}$ concentration and temperature changes in the study area was not seasonally and spatially consistent, and its significance was statistically limited partly due to the number of observations and the lack of potential socioeconomic factors relevant to urban air quality.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the climatic impact of $PM_{10}$ concentration on the temperature change pattern in Busan Metropolitan City(BMC), Korea during 2001~2015. Mean $PM_{10}$ concentration of BMC has gradually declined over the past 15 years. While the highest $PM_{10}$ concentration was observed in spring followed by winter, summer, and fall on average, the seasonal variations of $PM_{10}$ concentration differed from place to place within the city. Frequency analysis showed that the most frequently observed $PM_{10}$ concentration ranged from $20{\mu}g/m^3$ to $60{\mu}g/m^3$, which accounted for 64.6% of all daily observations. Overall, the west-high and east-low pattern of $PM_{10}$ concentration was relatively strong during the winter when the effect of yellow-dust events on the air quality was weak. Comparative analyses between $PM_{10}$ concentration and monthly temperature slope derived from generalized temperature curves indicated that the decreasing trend of $PM_{10}$ concentration was associated with increases of annual temperature range, and $PM_{10}$ concentration had a negative relationship with the temperature slope of warming months. Overall, $PM_{10}$ concentration had a weak correlation with the annual mean temperature, but it had a significant, positive correlation with the winter season, which had a dominant influence on the annual mean temperature. In terms of energy budget, it has been known that the change in $PM_{10}$ concentration contributes to the warming or cooling effect by affecting the radiative forcing due to the reflection and absorption of radiant energy. The correlation between $PM_{10}$ concentration and temperature changes in the study area was not seasonally and spatially consistent, and its significance was statistically limited partly due to the number of observations and the lack of potential socioeconomic factors relevant to urban air quality.
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문제 정의
, 2013). The purpose of this study is to quantitatively investigate the effect of air quality on climate change by analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the atmospheric PM10 concentration and their correlation with local temperature in BMC.
가설 설정
From the statistical analyses, however, it is speculated that the warming effect rather than the cooling effect was associated with PM10 distributions, and it was reduced due to weakening of the radiative forcing by PM10, resulting in colder winter temperature. In order to investigate if this correlation between PM10 concentration and temperature change existed in spatial dimension, the decreasing slope of monthly PM10 concentration was compared with monthly temperature slope. The decreasing rate of PM10 concentration ranged from -0.
제안 방법
Geographic discrepancy between PM10 monitoring sites and weather stations is another source of uncertainty. Obviously, the results of this study were based only on the limited range of a city, and a more general and convincing interrelationship between PM10 and temperature change can be obtained by compiling expanded data analysis and broadening the sampling area. In addition, socioeconomic factors associated with urbanization, sea surface temperature near the city, wind effects, landforms, and meteorological conditions are important components, and their contribution to the climatic change of urban environment remains to be discussed in the future study.
Simplification of temperature time series was carried out in order to ascertain the overall increasing or decreasing trend of the air temperature according to the change of atmospheric PM10 concentration. In other words, in order to calculate the slope of the temperature change at a certain point, it is necessary to express the annual temperature change as a continuous temperature curve function by extracting and adding the time series elements describing most of the variations of the temperature data.
성능/효과
Analysis results showed that the frequency of relatively high PM10 concentrations above 100 μg/m3 was highest in spring, and the percent frequency of the high concentrations was recorded 10.2% of the daily observations in spring.
6% of the total observation days exceeded the WHO standard in spring and in winter, respectively. Especially, statistical results showed that the annual mean PM10 concentration exceeded the WHO standard at all observation sites in all years. Therefore, there is an urgent need for discussion on the revision of the domestic environmental standard for proper regulation of PM10 concentration.
Percent variance of each harmonic term decreased dramatically as the order a harmonic term increased. The first four harmonic terms, which were used in the analysis, explained more than 95% of the input data variance.
, 2003). These discrepancies in the study results show that seasonal and interannual variability of precipitation increased in the long-term trend and its correlation with PM10 concentration became variable within the city while PM10 concentration continued to decrease.
후속연구
The reason why the diminishing radiative effect of PM10 concentration was found only in winter is still questionable, and it requires further investigation.
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