[논문]다연동 온실의 자연환기효율성 비교 분석

권순홍; 정성원; 권순구; 박종민; 최원식; 김종순

doi:10.21289/ksic.2017.20.1.008

다연동 온실의 자연환기효율성 비교 분석
Comparative Study on Efficiencies of Naturally-Ventilated Multi-Span Greenhouses in Korea 원문보기

한국산업융합학회 논문집 = Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence, v.20 no.1, 2017년, pp.8 - 18

권순홍 (부산대학교 바이오산업기계공학과) , 정성원 (부산대학교 바이오산업기계공학과) , 권순구 (부산대학교 바이오산업기계공학과) , 박종민 (부산대학교 바이오산업기계공학과) , 최원식 (부산대학교 바이오산업기계공학과) , 김종순 (부산대학교 바이오산업기계공학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This research analyzed the ventilation effect of the multi-span greenhouse based on the types of greenhouse structure, weather conditions, and locations inside the greenhouse. To compare and analyze the ventilation effects with different types of greenhouse, the uniform environmental conditions should be selected in advance. But these factors are not controlled and require tense many precision facilities and labor forces. Thus, the CFD simulation was used for the air stream to be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, for the ventilation effect analysis, the TGD (Tracer Gas Decay) was used to overcome the shortcomings of the current ventilation measurement method. The calculation error of ventilation rate using TGD was low (10.5%). Thus, the TGD is very effective in calculating the ventilation efficiency. The wind direction of 90 degrees showed the best ventilation effect. The ventilation rate also decreased along the air circulation path, and the rate was the lowest around the outlet. The computed fluid method (CFD) turned out to be a power tool for simulating flow behavior in greenhouse.

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문제 정의

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the efficiencies of naturally-ventilated multi-span greenhouses in Korea based on the types of greenhouse structure, weather conditions, and locations inside the greenhouse. In addition, the ventilation efficiencies were analyzed based on the calculation method.
This research analyzed the ventilation effect of the multi-span greenhouse. The average error between ventilation rate of TGD and the one of mass flow was 10.
This study simulated the ventilation effects based on the wind in the wide-span type greenhouse using CFD. The ventilation was calculated using Tracer gas decay to compare based on the height and location inside the greenhouse^[10][17][18].

제안 방법

Appropriate turbulence model was needed to increase the accuracy of the simulation. However, a single turbulence model which can be applied to every type of problems does not exist.
It enables in-depth analysis of the turbulence of the air flow. In addition, the results can be calculated similar to the real situation by applying the characteristics of greenhouse structure (e.g. heat transfer), weather conditions (e.g. solar radiation and wind), and buoyancy effect. While conventional Energy balance model calculated only the average values of natural ventilation inside the greenhouse, CFD model using Tracer gas analyzed the micrometeological factors and air flow inside the greenhouse.
This study employed the TGD (Tracer Gas Decay) method to overcome the shortcoming of the current ventilation measurement method. This method calculates ventilation rate by analyzing the changes of gas concentration in the greenhouse where certain gas concentration was maintained.

대상 데이터

Carbon dioxide (CO2)was used as Tracer gas. CO₂ has some merits compared to other gases in that it is cheap, safe, and accurate in measuring.

이론/모형

This study employed a quantitative ventilation effect analysis method using the TGD (Tracer Gas Decay) method to overcome the shortcoming of the conventional ventilation measurement method. The method used the User Defined Function (UDF) tool for CFD simulation.^[5][12][13]
The ventilation rate was calculated with the simulation result to the wind direction of 0^o, 45^o, 90^o by Tracer gas decay (TGD) method and conventional mass flow method. Table 3 shows the ventilation rates using TGD method and mass flow method at 60 seconds from the ventilation.
However, high quality boundary layer could not be designed with the data from those two heights. Therefore, this study used the equation from Silsoe Research Institute which formulated the flow boundary layer after measuring the air flow and turbulence at the rural areas in U.K^[15].
While conventional Energy balance model calculated only the average values of natural ventilation inside the greenhouse, CFD model using Tracer gas analyzed the micrometeological factors and air flow inside the greenhouse. This study employed a quantitative ventilation effect analysis method using the TGD (Tracer Gas Decay) method to overcome the shortcoming of the conventional ventilation measurement method. The method used the User Defined Function (UDF) tool for CFD simulation.
This study used CFD which applies Reynolds theory of Navier-Stokes equation to calculate each cell inside the greenhouse. The calculated area should be divided into mesh with proper size and distribution using Gambit (Ver.

후속연구

However, the experiments were limited to a specific greenhouse and did not produce further studies, so the structure of greenhouse with effective ventilation system has not developed yet. The simulation with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which complements the shortcoming of field experiments, should be used for quantitative and systematical analysis. Computational fluid dynamics which enables the analysis of air flow can control the conditions including environment and greenhouse artificially and analyze the results qualitatively

참고문헌 (18)

Bartzanas, T., T. Boulard, C. Kittas, Effect of vent arrangement on windward ventilation of a tunnel greenhouse, Biosystems Engineering, 88(4), pp. 479-490, (2004).

상세보기
Boulard, T., G. Papadakis, C. Kittas, M. Mermier, Air flow and associated sensible heat exchanges in a naturally ventilated greenhouse, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 88, pp. 111-119, (1997).

상세보기
Boulard, T. and B. Draoui, Natural ventilation of a greenhouse with continuous roof vents: measurements and data analysis. J. Agricultural Engineering Research 61, pp. 27-36, (1995).

상세보기
Boulard, T., C. Kittas, J. C. Roy, S. Wang, Convective and ventilation transfers in greenhouses, Part 2: Determination of the distributed greenhouse climate, Biosystems Engineering. 83(2), pp. 129-147, (2002).

상세보기
Bruce, J.M.. Natural ventilation Its role and application in the bioclimatatic system. Farm Building R&D Studies February 1977, 1-8, (1977).
Brugger, M., J. Montero, E. Baeza, J. Perez-Parra. Computational fluid dynamic modeling to improve the design of the spanish parral style greenhouse. The American Society of Agricultural Engineers. pp. 34-46, (2003).
De Jong, Taeke, Natural ventilation of large multi-span greenhouses, Ph.D Dissertation, Wageningen, Netherlands, (1990).
Fatnassi, H., T. Boulard, H. Demrati, L. Bouirden, G. Sappe, Ventilation performance of a large canarian-type greenhouse equipped with insect-proof nets, Biosystem Engineering, 82(1), pp. 97-105, (2002).

상세보기
Fernandez, J. E. and B. J. Bailey, Measurement and prediction of greenhouse ventilation rates, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 58, pp. 229-245, (1992).

상세보기
Hoxey, R. P. and P. J., Richards. Structures of the atmospheric boundary layer below 25m and implications to wind loading on low-rise buildings, Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 44, pp. 317-327, (1992).
Kacira, M., S. Sase, L. Okushima, Optimization of vent configuration by evaluating greenhouse and plant canopy ventilation rates under wind-induced ventilation, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 47(6), pp. 2059-2067, (2004).

상세보기
Kacira, M., T. H. Short, R. R. Stowell, A cfd evaluation of naturally ventilated, multi-span, sawtooth greenhouses, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 41(3), pp. 833-836, (1998).

상세보기
Kacira, M., T. H. Short, R. R. Stowell, A fluid dynamic evaluation of naturally ventilated gutter-connected greenhouses, The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 974059, (1997).
Kacira. M., S. Sase, L. Okushima, Optimization of vent configuration by evaluating greenhouse and plant canopy ventilation rates under wind-indeced ventilation, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineeris, 47(6), pp. 2059-2067, (2004).

상세보기
Kozai, T. S. Sase and M. Nara, A modeling approach to greenhouse environmental control by ventilation. Acta Hort, vol 106, pp. 125-136, (1980).
Naas, I. A., D. J. Moura, R. A. Bucklin, F. B. Fialho, An Algorithm for determining opening effectiveness in natural ventilation by wind. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 41(3), pp. 767-771, (1998).

상세보기
Richardson, G. M. and P. A. Blackmore, The Silsoe structures building: comparison of 1:100 model-scale data with full-scale data, Journal of wind engineering and industry aerodynamics, vol 57, pp. 191-201, (1995).

상세보기
Timmon, M.B., How does natural ventilation work and why? American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Paper No. 90-4551, ASAE. St. Joseph. MI 49085, (1990).

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다연동 온실의 자연환기효율성 비교 분석
Comparative Study on Efficiencies of Naturally-Ventilated Multi-Span Greenhouses in Korea 원문보기

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다연동 온실의 자연환기효율성 비교 분석 Comparative Study on Efficiencies of Naturally-Ventilated Multi-Span Greenhouses in Korea 원문보기

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참고문헌 (18)

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권순홍 (30) 정성원 (31) 권순구 (24) 박종민 (45) 최원식 (64) 김종순 (25)

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다연동 온실의 자연환기효율성 비교 분석
Comparative Study on Efficiencies of Naturally-Ventilated Multi-Span Greenhouses in Korea 원문보기

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