[논문]Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Conditions on Crop Plant Growth

Kim, Sang Joon; Eo, Ju-Kyeong; Lee, Eun-Hwa; Park, Hyeok; Eom, Ahn-Heum

doi:10.5941/myco.2017.45.1.20

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Conditions on Crop Plant Growth 원문보기

Mycobiology, v.45 no.1, 2017년, pp.20 - 24

Kim, Sang Joon (Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education) , Eo, Ju-Kyeong (Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education) , Lee, Eun-Hwa (Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education) , Park, Hyeok (Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education) , Eom, Ahn-Heum (Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We investigated the effects on various crops of inoculation with species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils from different sources and selected AMF species suitable for domestic environment-friendly farming. Effects on plants varied with the AMF species used. In carrot, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora longula, and Funneliformis mosseae had a positive effect on growth of the host, whereas AMF had only weak effects on the growth of red pepper and leek. AMF inoculation had positive effects on the growth of carrot and sorghum. The results of this study indicate the nature of the relationship between soil, plants, and AMF; this study therefore has important implications for the future use of AMF in environment-friendly agriculture.

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문제 정의

Previous studies showed that AMF colonization decreased in soils with high phosphate concentrations [20]. Therefore, the available phosphate contents in soil could be a major factor influencing the colonization rates in the different soil types utilized in this study. When AMF are applied in organic farming, it is necessary to consider the amount of available phosphorus in the soil.

제안 방법

Two soil samples (A and B) were collected from organic farms at Nayangju, Gyeonggi-do of Korea, on which red peppers had been cultivated for over 5 yr, and soil C was collected from arable fields at Miwon, Chungbuk of Korea that had been abandoned for over 10 yr. Soil analyses were conducted to determine the physical and chemical composition of soils used in the experiment (Pan Korea Co., Seoul, Korea) (Table 1). Soil samples were sterilized at 121℃ for 60 min before being used as culture soils.

대상 데이터

annuum), and carrot (Daucus carota) were germinated in sterilized vermiculite, and seedlings were transplanted to individual pots containing 170 g of soil after the plant roots were inoculated with 50 spores of the designated AMF species. There were five replicates for each treatment, including the control group. Water was supplied twice per day during plant cultivation, and no additional inorganic nutrients were supplied.
Three types of soils were used in this study. Two soil samples (A and B) were collected from organic farms at Nayangju, Gyeonggi-do of Korea, on which red peppers had been cultivated for over 5 yr, and soil C was collected from arable fields at Miwon, Chungbuk of Korea that had been abandoned for over 10 yr.

성능/효과

In soil A, inoculation with different AMF species did not have significant effects on the colonization rates of any of the host plants. However, different AMF species significantly affected the colonization rates of host plants in soils B and C. In soil B, AL resulted in the highest colonization rates in sorghum and leeks, and SH and FM had the highest colonization rates in red peppers and carrots, respectively. When cultivated in soil C, SH, AL, FM, and GM exhibited the highest colonization rates in sorghum, leeks, red peppers, and carrots, respectively.
Previous studies found that differences in growth depended on the AMF inoculant species when the same host species was examined [21], and the results of this study corroborated those of previous studies. In this study, the effects of AMF inoculation on plant growth in soils from organic farms varied depending on the plant species and the nutrient status of the soil. Specifically, the effects of the same AMF species on plants may have differed depending on the soil type.
Soil type was significantly related to root colonization (Table 2), and the root colonization rates of three plant species in soil C (36.8–78.2%) were significantly higher than in soils A (0.6–13.6%) and B (2.6–38.0%).
15), but leeks, red peppers, and carrots responded differently to the various AMF species. The greatest growth effects were observed in leeks that were inoculated with AL (7.2 mg), but dry weights in plants inoculated with FM were 3.14 mg, significantly lower than in the control plants. In addition, red pepper growth was highest in plants inoculated with AL (39.
The results indicated that SH enhanced the growth of carrots in both soils A and B, and AL was effective for sorghum growth. Therefore, these fungi are recommended for use in organic soils.
Additional studies that assess the influence of various environmental factors in fields are needed. This study was conducted to select AMF species that are useful for the cultivation of crops in organic soil, and two species were effective for all of the crop plants that were grown in organic soil. These results can be used as basic data for the development of AMF-based products such as farming methods that utilize AMF species or biological fertilizers.

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