$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

부-자녀 및 모-자녀 의사소통과 친구관계의 질이 중·고등학생의 행복감에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Parent-Adolescent Communication and Friendship Quality on Adolescent Happiness 원문보기

Korean journal of child studies = 아동학회지, v.38 no.2, 2017년, pp.149 - 164  

윤기봉 (이화여자대학교 아동가족연구소) ,  도현심 (이화여자대학교 아동학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the direct effects of parent-adolescent communication and its indirect effects through adolescent friendship quality on happiness among both middle and high school students. Methods: Participants in this study were 1,126 adolescents (667 middle scho...

주제어

#happiness   #parent-adolescent communication   #friendship quality  

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
청소년기란 무엇인가? 청소년기는 개인이 신체, 인지, 사회 · 정서적으로 급속히 발달하는 제2의 성장 급등기로서 스스로 자아정체감을 찾아가는 시기임에도 불구하고, 청소년은 자아정체감에 대한 혼란에 더해 학습 성취에 관한 부담을 부가적으로 짊어지고 스트레스를 받는 환경에 노출되어 있다. 다른 나라의 경우와 비교할 때도 한국의 중학생들은 이전에 비해 삶의 질이 하락하는 폭이 컸으며(J.
청소년의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 첫 번째 요인이 부모와의 관계인 이유는 무엇인가? Lee & Kim, 2013; Piko & Hamvai, 2010). 청소년기는 가장 중요한 발달과업인 자아정체감을 형성해가는 과정에서 부모로부터의 분리-개별화가 이루어지며, 사춘기 호르몬의 변화로 인한 충동조절 문제, 불안, 반항심뿐만 아니라 독립심이 발달하는 시기이다. 이와 동시에 부모와 자녀 간의 관계는 학령기를 지나 청소년기에도 계속해서 중요한 사회정서적 자원으로(Simpkins et al., 2009; Steinberg & Morris, 2001), 우리나라 청소년에게도 부모와 좋은 관계를 맺는 것이 자신들의 행복에 있어서 가장 중요한 조건으로 꼽힌다(J. Yoo, 2015; Yum et al.
한국의 초 · 중 · 고등학생의 주관적 행복지수는 OECD 국가들과 어떠한 차이를 나타내는가? 국제사회에서도 다양한 행복지수를 통해 아동·청소년의 행복을 측정하여 각 국가별 아동·청소년의 행복감을 비교하며, 정책목표를 세우고 그 성과를 확인하고 있다. 한국의 초 · 중 · 고등학생의 주관적 행복지수는 경제협력개발기구(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD]) 국가들과 비교했을 때 보건과 안전, 물질적 행복, 행동과 생활양식, 교육, 가족과 친구관계 영역에서 모두 중상위권을 유지했으나, 유일하게 주관적인 행복지수는 매우 낮았다(Yum, Kim, & Lee, 2016). 그뿐만 아니라, 2013–2015년에 실시된 아동 삶의 질 국제조사(International Study of Children’s Well-being [ISCweb])에 참여한 나라들 중에서도 한국 아동의 삶의 질이 가장 낮은 것으로 보고되었다(Ree, Andresen, & Bradshaw, 2016).
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

참고문헌 (80)

  1. Amato, P. R. (1994). Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 56, 1031-1042. doi:10.2307/353611 

    상세보기 crossref

  2. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 

    상세보기 crossref

  3. Bagwell, C. L., & Schmidt, M. E. (2013). Friendships in childhood and adolescence. New York: Guilford Press. 

  4. Ben-Arieh, A. (2007). Measuring and monitoring the well-being of young children around the world. Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2007, Strong foundations: Early childhood care and education. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001474/147444e.pdf 

  5. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 

    상세보기 crossref

  6. Bojanowska, A., & Zalewska, A. M. (2016). Lay understanding of happiness and the experience of well-being: Are some conceptions of happiness more beneficial than others? Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 793-815. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9620-1 

    상세보기 crossref

  7. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 111-135). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. 

  8. Burk, W., & Laursen, B. (2005). Adolescent perceptions of friendship and their associations with individual adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(2), 156-164. doi:10.1080/01650250444000342 

    상세보기 crossref

  9. Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2002). Personality, peer relations, and self-confidence as predictors of happiness and loneliness. Journal of Adolescence, 25(3), 327-339. doi:10.1006/jado.2002.0475 

    상세보기 crossref

  10. Collins, W. A., & Russell, G. (1991). Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood and adolescence: A developmental analysis. Developmental Review, 11(2), 99-136. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(91)90004-8 

    상세보기 crossref

  11. Cui, M., Conger, R. D., Bryant, C. M., & Elder, G. H. (2002). Parental behaviors and the quality of adolescent friendships: A social-contextual perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 676-689. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00676.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  12. Demir, M., Achoui, M., & Simonek, J. (2015). I am so happy 'cause my best friend is there for me when things go right: Friendship and happiness among emerging adults in Algeria and Slovakia. In M. Demir, H. Orthel-Clark, M. Ozdemir, & S. B. Ozdemir (Eds.), Friendship and happiness: Across the life-span and cultures (pp. 305-319). New York: Springer Science. 

  13. Demir, M., Ozdemir, M., & Weitekamp, L. A. (2007). Looking to happy tomorrows with friends: Best and close friendships as they predict happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(2), 243-271. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9025-2 

    상세보기 crossref

  14. Doorn, M. M., Branje, S. S., & Meeus, W. J. (2011). Developmental changes in conflict resolution styles in parent-adolescent relationships: A four-save longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(1), 97-107. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9516-7 

    상세보기 crossref

  15. Else-Quest, N. M., Clark, R., & Owen, M. T. (2011). Stability in mother-child interactions from infancy through adolescence. Parenting: Science and Practice, 11(4), 280-287. doi:10.1080/15295192.2011.613724 

    crossref

  16. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. doi:10.2307/3151312 

    상세보기 crossref

  17. Flouri, E., & Buchanan, A. (2003). The role of father involvement and mother involvement in adolescents' psychological well-being. British Journal of Social Work, 33(3), 399-406. doi:10.1093/bjsw/33.3.399 

    상세보기 crossref

  18. Gray, R., Chamratrithirong, A., Pattaravanich, U., & Prasartkul, P. (2013). Happiness among adolescent students in Thailand: Family and non-family factors. Social Indicators Research, 110(2), 703-719. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9954-y 

    상세보기 crossref

  19. Heller, S. R., Robinson, L. C., Henry, C. S., & Plunkett, S. W. (2006). Gender differences in adolescent perceptions of parentadolescent openness in communication and adolescent empathy. Marriage & Family Review, 40(4), 103-122. doi:10.1300/J002v40n04_06 

    상세보기 crossref

  20. Harris, K. M., Furstenberg, F. F., & Marmer, J. (1998). Paternal involvement with adolescents in intact families: The influence of fathers over the life course. Demography, 35(2), 201-216. doi:10.2307/3004052 

    상세보기 crossref

  21. Holder, M. D., & Coleman, B. (2009). The contribution of social relationships to children's happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(3), 329-349. doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9083-0 

    상세보기 crossref

  22. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 

    상세보기 crossref

  23. Hussong, A. M. (2000). Perceived peer context and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10(4), 391-415. 

    상세보기 crossref

  24. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. 

  25. Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (2004). Parent-child communication during adolescence. In A. L. Vangelisti & A. L. Vangelisti (Eds.), Handbook of family communication (pp. 333-348). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 

  26. Larson, R. W., Moneta, G., Richards, M. H., & Wilson, S. (2002). Continuity, stability, and change in daily emotional experience across adolescence. Child Development, 73(4), 1151-1165. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00464 

    상세보기 crossref

  27. Ma, C. Q., & Huebner, E. S. (2008). Attachment relationships and adolescents' life satisfaction: Some relationships matter more to girls than boys. Psychology in the Schools, 45(2), 177-190. doi:10.1002/pits.20288 

    상세보기 crossref

  28. McGill, R. K., Way, N., & Hughes, D. (2012). Intra- and interracial best friendships during middle school: Links to social and emotional well-being. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(4), 722-738. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00826.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  29. Montemayor, R., & Brownlee, J. R. (1987). Fathers, mothers, and adolescents: Gender-based differences in parental roles during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(3), 281-91. doi:10.1007/BF02139095 

    상세보기 crossref

  30. Mplus (Version 6.0) [Computert software]. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen. 

  31. Ozdemir, Y. (2014). Parent-adolescent conflict and depression symptoms of adolescents: Mediator role of self-esteem. Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27(3), 211-220. doi:10.5350/DAJPN2014270304 

  32. Piko, B. F., & Hamvai, C. (2010). Parent, school and peer-related correlates of adolescents' life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(10), 1479-1482. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.07.007 

    상세보기 crossref

  33. Raboteg-Saric, Z., & Sakic, M. (2014). Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness in adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(3), 749-765. doi:10.1007/s11482-013-9268-0 

    상세보기 crossref

  34. Ree, G., Andresen, S., & Bradshaw, J. (Eds.). (2016). Children's vies on their lives and well-being in 16 countries: A report on the children's worlds survey of children aged eight years old, 2013-15. York, UK: Children's Worlds Project (ISCWeB). 

  35. Rice, K. G., & Mulkeen, P. (1995). Relationships with parents and peers: A longitudinal study of adolescent intimacy. Journal of Adolescent Research, 10(3), 338-357. doi:10.1177/0743554895103003 

    상세보기 crossref

  36. Rodriguez, S. S., Perez-Brena, N. N., Updegraff, K. K., & Umana-Taylor, A. A. (2014). Emotional closeness in Mexican-origin adolescents' relationships with mothers, fathers, and same-sex friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(12), 1953-1968. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-0004-8 

    상세보기 crossref

  37. Sandvik, E., Diener, E., & Seidlitz, L. (1993). Subjective well-being: The convergence and stability of self-report and non-self-report measures. Journal of Personality, 61(3), 317-342. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00283.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  38. Shek, D. T., Lee, B. M., Lee, T. Y., & Lam, C. M. (2006). Frequency, satisfaction and quality dimensions of perceived parent-adolescent communication among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 18(2), 259-270. doi:10.1515/IJAMH.2006.18.2.259 

    상세보기 crossref

  39. Shek, D. T. L. (1998). A longitudinal study of the relations between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(1), 53-67. doi:10.1080/00221329809596134 

    상세보기 crossref

  40. Shulman, S., Laursen, B., Kalman, Z., & Karpovsky, S. (1997). Adolescent intimacy revisited. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(5), 597-617. doi:10.1023/A:1024586006966 

    상세보기 crossref

  41. Simpkins, S. D., Bouffard, S., Dearing, E., Kreider, H., Wimer, C., Caronongan, P., & Weiss, H. B. (2009). Adolescent adjustment and patterns of parents' behaviors in early and middle adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 530-557. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00606.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  42. Smetana, J. G. (2008). 'It's 10 o'clock: Do you know where your children are?' Recent advances in understanding parental monitoring and adolescents' information management. Child Development Perspectives, 2(1), 19-25. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00036.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  43. Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 83-110. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83 

    상세보기 crossref

  44. Stolz, H. E., Barber, B. K., & Olsen, J. A. (2005). Toward disentangling fathering and mothering: An assessment of relative importance. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(4), 1076-1092. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00195.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  45. Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, S. (2004). The role of life satisfaction in the relationship between authoritative parenting dimensions and adolescent problem behavior. Social Indicators Research, 66(1), 165-195. doi:10.1023/B:SOCI.0000007498.62080.1e 

    상세보기 crossref

  46. Updegraff, K. A., McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Kupanoff, K. (2001). Parents' involvement in adolescents' peer relationships: A comparison of mothers' and fathers' roles. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(3), 655-668. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00655.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  47. Veneziano, R. A. (2000). Perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and rural African American and European American youths' psychological adjustment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(1), 123-132. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00123.x 

    상세보기 crossref

  48. Youniss, J., & Ketterlinus, R. D. (1987). Communication and connectedness in mother- and father-adolescent relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(3), 265-280. doi:10.1007/BF02139094 

    상세보기 crossref

  49. Ahn, N.-Y., & You, Y.-D. (2013). The relationships between perceived parents-adolescents communication and adolescents' depression/happiness: Focused on the mediation effect of negative automatic thoughts. Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(5), 3201-3215. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA99838447 

    상세보기 crossref

  50. Chae, K. S., & Hwang, H. J. (2014). The relationship among parent-child communication types and children's perceived happiness. Journal of Korean Hyo Studies, 20, 159-190. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100492569 

  51. Cho, S., Kim, H., & Kim, M. (2011). Adolescent' life satisfaction in the ecological context. Family and Environment Research, 49(3), 87-98. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA82601227 

  52. Choi, Y.-J., & Yoo, G.-S. (2007). Effects of parent-adolescent communication, adolescent's self-esteem and strategies in peer conflict situations on satisfaction with peer relationships among Korean adolescents. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 25(3), 59-75. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100455747 

  53. Choi, Y.-S., & Son, E.-Y. (2015). Relationships with other people, academic achievement and life satisfaction in youth: The comparison about the gender and grade. Korea Journal of Counseling, 16(2), 233-247. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100516998 

  54. Hwang, H.-J., & Kim, E.-G. (2015). The perception of Korean secondary school students on happiness and career guidance. Korean Education Inquiry, 33(2), 21-37. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100570516 

  55. Jo, E. (2014). The effects of perceived social support on happiness of the children and young people: Focused on children and young people from low-income families. Forum for Youth Culture, 37, 103-126. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA99917007 

    crossref

  56. Jung, T. Y. (2015). Mediating effects of peer attachment on relations among parenting attitudes and parent-child communication types perceived by high school students and school adjustment. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(8), 253-279. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA102950699 

  57. Kim, B.-I., & Lee, I. (2013). The relationship between parental empathy and happiness perceived by adolescents: Mediating effects of self-acceptance. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(6), 195-218. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA102952123 

  58. Kim, C. S. (2009). A study of determinants of happiness on adolescents. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 14(3), 649-665. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100632172 

    상세보기 crossref

  59. Kim, G. S. (2011). Amos 18.0 structural equation modeling analysis. Seoul: Hannarae. 

  60. Kim, I. S., & Hong, H. Y. (2016). The effects of parental psychological control on subjective happiness of high school students: Focusing on the mediating effect of social problem solving ability. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 23(1), 53-75. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA102952446 

  61. Kim, J. M., & Lee, Y. (2010). The effects of parent-adolescent communication, emotional intelligence and parentification on the psychological well-being of adolescents. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 28(3), 13-26. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100456135 

  62. Kim, M. J., & Bang, H. J. (2012). The relationship between attachment and subjective well-being in middle school students: The difference between implicit and explicit attachment. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 17(4), 597-621. 

  63. Kim, S., & Baek, H.-J. (2008). The construction of Korean youth happiness index. Korean Journal of Sociology, 42(6), 140-173. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA76242203 

  64. Kim, Y. H., & Kang, M. H. (2008). Relationships among children's happiness, personality types and parents-child communication patterns. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 29(6), 35-54. Retrieved from http://www.childstudies.org/current/index.php?vol29&no6 

  65. Kim, Y., & Sim, H. (2000). Influences of communication with parents, relations with teachers and intramural/extramural activities on peer relationships. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 21(4), 159-175. Retrieved from http://www.childstudies.org/ 

  66. Koo, J. G., & Hwang, J. S. (2007). The influence of family, school and mass media environment on adolescent's ego identity. Korea Journal of Counseling, 8(4), 1623-1636. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA99779984 

    상세보기 crossref

  67. Kwon, J. K., & Yang, M. H. (2014). A study on the profile analysis of adolescents' happiness. The Korea Educational Review, 20(3), 201-227. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100237882 

  68. Lee, H.-J., & Lee, Y.-J. (2005). An impact of adolescent' perception of mother-adolescent communication on self-esteem and depression. Korea Journal of Counseling, 6(1), 197-209. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA99779810 

  69. Lee, J. S., & Kim, E. J. (2013). The effects of children's temperament, parent-child communication styles, and peer relationships on children's happiness. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 22(5), 433-445. doi:10.5934/kjhe.2013.22.5.433 

    원문보기 상세보기 crossref

  70. Lee, K.-S. (2011). The factors associated with the longitudinal individual changes in adolescents' school maladjustment over time. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(12), 131-155. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA102951875 

  71. Min, H. Y. (1992). The relation between juvenile delinquency and parent-adolescent communication, family cohesion and adaptability. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 13(1), 112-124. Retrieved from http://www.childstudies.org/ 

  72. Seong, B. H., & Yoon, S.-A. (2010). Definition of happiness and its determinants. Journal of Brain Education, 6, 103-134. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA82537334 

  73. Song, M.-R., & Han, G. B. (2015). Effects of parenting attitudes perceived by science high schoolers on subjective well-being: Mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and peer relationships. Journal of Korean Youth Studies, 22(4), 93-111. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA102951706 

  74. Suh, E., & Koo, J. (2011). A Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being (COMOSWB): Scale development and validation. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 25(1), 96-113. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100629775 

  75. Sung, E.-K. (2006). Attachment style and best friend relationship quality in late adolescents (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idT11006121 

  76. Sung, E., & Kim, G. (2013) The structural relationships analysis among happiness, personal traits, and environmental traits of adolescents using the structural equation modeling. Studies on Korean Youth, 24(4), 177-202. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA99829150 

  77. Yang, S.-E. (2005). A phenomenological study on the mothers' experiences with children preparing a college entrance examination. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 23(2), 49-61. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idA100455644 

  78. Yoo, H. K. (2014). The path model analysis of variables influencing subjective well-being of youth (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?idT13486891 

  79. Yoo, J. (2015, May). The subjective happiness of Korean children: Social, economic, and culture context implications. In B. J. Lee (Chair), 2015 Subjective child well-being indicators of Korean children: International comparisons and implications from Asian perspectives. Symposium conducted a the BK21 plus of Seoul University, Seoul Korea. 

  80. Yum, Y. S., Kim, K. M., & Lee, S. W. (2016). The research of Korean child well-being index and it's international comparison with other OECD countries (Report No. 2016-8). Retrieved from The Korea Bhang Jeong Hwan Foundation website: http://www.korsofa.org 

저자의 다른 논문 :

LOADING...

관련 콘텐츠

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

GOLD

오픈액세스 학술지에 출판된 논문

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

저작권 관리 안내
섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로