대학생의 행복에 영향을 미치는 사회경제적 요인, 관계, 일상생활, 미래지향성에 관한 연구 How Socio-economic Factors, Relationships, Daily Life, and Future Orientation Affect Happiness for College Students원문보기
본 연구에서는 대학생들에게 어떤 요인들이 행복에 차이를 주는가를 살펴보기 위하여 사회경제적 측면, 대학생이 맺는 다양한 인간관계, 일상생활, 미래지향성 등의 다양한 영역에 관련된 요인을 구성하여 살펴보고 이를 기반으로 한국 대학생의 행복감을 높이는데 기여하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울시에 위치한 D대학 대학생 474명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 연구 대상의 일반적인 특성은 성별의 경우 남학생 247명(52.1%), 여학생 227명(47.9%)으로 구성되었다. 학년은 1학년 268명(56.5%), 2학년 145명(30.6%), 3학년 35명(7.4%), 4학년 26명(5,5%)으로 나타나, 저학년이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 연구결과, 행복과 의미 있는 관계를 보여주는 변인은 성, 학년, 레져비용, 외모만족도, 부모와의 대화시간, 이성친구 유무, 성경험, 친구 수, 전공 만족도, 학점, 공부시간, 자기계발 시간, 독서시간, 스마트폰 사용, 점심횟수, 운동, 스케줄 관리, 목표설정 등이었다. 반면에 거주형태, 한달 평균용돈, 통학시간, 동거경험, 노트북 사용 시간, SNS 사용시간, 전화통화 시간, 컴퓨터 게임시간, TV 시청시간, 점심 지출금액, 커피횟수, 술 마시는 횟수, 유흥비 등은 행복과 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미래지향성은 행복의 차이에 영향을 미쳤다. 한국은 경제적 수준에 비해 대학생이 느끼는 행복감이 낮은 나라이다. 인간의 궁극적인 목적을 행복이라고 생각할 때 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 변화의 가능성이 높은 대학생 시기에 행복에 영향을 미치는 적절한 변인들을 찾아 이를 향상시킬 수 있도록 노력하는 사회에 본 연구가 기여하기를 기대한다.
본 연구에서는 대학생들에게 어떤 요인들이 행복에 차이를 주는가를 살펴보기 위하여 사회경제적 측면, 대학생이 맺는 다양한 인간관계, 일상생활, 미래지향성 등의 다양한 영역에 관련된 요인을 구성하여 살펴보고 이를 기반으로 한국 대학생의 행복감을 높이는데 기여하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울시에 위치한 D대학 대학생 474명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 연구 대상의 일반적인 특성은 성별의 경우 남학생 247명(52.1%), 여학생 227명(47.9%)으로 구성되었다. 학년은 1학년 268명(56.5%), 2학년 145명(30.6%), 3학년 35명(7.4%), 4학년 26명(5,5%)으로 나타나, 저학년이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 연구결과, 행복과 의미 있는 관계를 보여주는 변인은 성, 학년, 레져비용, 외모만족도, 부모와의 대화시간, 이성친구 유무, 성경험, 친구 수, 전공 만족도, 학점, 공부시간, 자기계발 시간, 독서시간, 스마트폰 사용, 점심횟수, 운동, 스케줄 관리, 목표설정 등이었다. 반면에 거주형태, 한달 평균용돈, 통학시간, 동거경험, 노트북 사용 시간, SNS 사용시간, 전화통화 시간, 컴퓨터 게임시간, TV 시청시간, 점심 지출금액, 커피횟수, 술 마시는 횟수, 유흥비 등은 행복과 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미래지향성은 행복의 차이에 영향을 미쳤다. 한국은 경제적 수준에 비해 대학생이 느끼는 행복감이 낮은 나라이다. 인간의 궁극적인 목적을 행복이라고 생각할 때 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 변화의 가능성이 높은 대학생 시기에 행복에 영향을 미치는 적절한 변인들을 찾아 이를 향상시킬 수 있도록 노력하는 사회에 본 연구가 기여하기를 기대한다.
This research aims to gain a better understanding of college students' thoughts on what factors make them happy and contribute to enhancing their happiness. We focused on the relationship between their self-assessed happiness and various factors affecting happiness, such as their socio-economic stat...
This research aims to gain a better understanding of college students' thoughts on what factors make them happy and contribute to enhancing their happiness. We focused on the relationship between their self-assessed happiness and various factors affecting happiness, such as their socio-economic status, relationships with others, future orientation, and daily activities. Survey data were collected from October, 2014 to December, 2014 at a South Korean University. The final total number of respondents was 474 from 500 distributed questionnaires, after excluding 26 responses with missing values and unanswered items. The response was comprised of 247 male students, and 227 female students, and of 268 freshmen, 145 sophomores, 35 juniors, and 26 senior students. Factors that were statistically significant were gender, year, average cost of leisure, appearance satisfaction, conversation hour with parents, having girlfriend/boyfriend, sexual experience, number of friends, satisfaction with major, Grade Point Average (GPA), studying hours, time for self-improvement, reading hours, use of smart phone hours, number of daily meals, exercise hour, schedule management and future goal setting. This research was conducted utilizing only data from one university and so it may not be appropriate to generalize the results. Moreover, some of the variables are not in line with previous studies on happiness. Some other mediating variables may exist. Therefore, following research should be conducted.
This research aims to gain a better understanding of college students' thoughts on what factors make them happy and contribute to enhancing their happiness. We focused on the relationship between their self-assessed happiness and various factors affecting happiness, such as their socio-economic status, relationships with others, future orientation, and daily activities. Survey data were collected from October, 2014 to December, 2014 at a South Korean University. The final total number of respondents was 474 from 500 distributed questionnaires, after excluding 26 responses with missing values and unanswered items. The response was comprised of 247 male students, and 227 female students, and of 268 freshmen, 145 sophomores, 35 juniors, and 26 senior students. Factors that were statistically significant were gender, year, average cost of leisure, appearance satisfaction, conversation hour with parents, having girlfriend/boyfriend, sexual experience, number of friends, satisfaction with major, Grade Point Average (GPA), studying hours, time for self-improvement, reading hours, use of smart phone hours, number of daily meals, exercise hour, schedule management and future goal setting. This research was conducted utilizing only data from one university and so it may not be appropriate to generalize the results. Moreover, some of the variables are not in line with previous studies on happiness. Some other mediating variables may exist. Therefore, following research should be conducted.
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문제 정의
Furthermore, this study contributed to the findings related to personal factors for college students, but lack factors at a macro perspective level, pertaining to the community and the society as a whole. Finally, although our research was focused on college students’ happiness considering their developmental stages, other psychological elements such as their health, self–esteem and autonomy were not surveyed.
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting Korean college students in an effort to improve their happiness. According to the results,factors that were statistically significant were found to be gender, year, average cost of leisure, appearance satisfaction, conversation hour with parents, having girlfriend/boyfriend, sexual experience, number of friends, satisfaction with major, GPA (Grade Point Average), studying hours, time for self-improvement,reading hours, use of smart phone hours, number of daily meals, exercise hour, schedule management and future goal setting.
In addition, South Korea is becoming a racially diverse society and currently has many students from abroad attending Korean universities. Therefore, a comparative study is necessary to take this diversity factor into consideration.
Therefore, our research aim is to discover which variables amongsocio-economic indicators, diverse relationships, daily lives, and future orientation, best explains Korean college students’ self-assessed happiness.
This research is aimed to have a better understanding of college students’ thoughts on what may make them happy, and to contribute to helping them enhance their well-being.
This study focused on daily activities for examining thestudent’s happiness in terms of daily life.
가설 설정
However, one Australian research reported that girls were happier than boys among children aged 4 to 6[53]. Therefore,these findings support the idea that happiness in relation to gender depends on the age and culture. In the case of Korea, because Korean culture still tends to be a male –dominated society, male students may feel secure and be given priority compared to female students, which can explain the gender differences found.
제안 방법
Frequency and percentage was calculated first,followed by reliability coefficient Cronbach’s ∂ in order to examine the reliability of the measuring instrument.
Secondly, the objective of our study was to look at factors related to the students’ actual socioeconomic status, daily lifestyle and relationships, and we have found significant results.
Finally, although our research was focused on college students’ happiness considering their developmental stages, other psychological elements such as their health, self–esteem and autonomy were not surveyed. Therefore, further studies involving such factors are necessary to accurately determine the factors affecting college students’ happiness from all angles.
대상 데이터
This study has several limitations worth noting for further studies. Firstly, the participants of this study were only college students from one university in Seoul, lacking a diverse population of Korean college students. Therefore, a bigger pool from various schools across the country is necessary.
Final sample size was 474 answers, excluding 26 answers that were unanswered or had poor responses. General characteristics of the sample were 227 female students (47.9%) and 247 male students (52.1%), and among them, 268 students were freshmen (56.5%), 145 students were sophomores (30.6%), 35 students were juniors (7.4%), and 26 students were seniors (5.5 %).
The students were verbally informed of the purpose of the research and the questionnaires weredone on a voluntary basis. They were all from a single university located in the city of Seoul.
데이터처리
Lastly, to test the differences in future orientation and happiness, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test were conducted, followed by the Scheffe test.
Next, independent sample t-test and one-wayANOVA test were used to test the differences in the personal variables.
이론/모형
The measurement tool used for future orientation was 15 positive – outlook – on - future questions that Kim[49] modified using Jew et al’s[50] ‘Resilience Belief System’ that was initially suggested by Mrazek and Mrazek ’s first version of 12 resilience factor study[51].
This study utilized Hills and Argyle’s OHQ (Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, OHQ hereafter)[45], which had already been tested by Choi and Lee for reliability and validity as well as adapted to fit into the Korean context[46].
성능/효과
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting Korean college students in an effort to improve their happiness. According to the results,factors that were statistically significant were found to be gender, year, average cost of leisure, appearance satisfaction, conversation hour with parents, having girlfriend/boyfriend, sexual experience, number of friends, satisfaction with major, GPA (Grade Point Average), studying hours, time for self-improvement,reading hours, use of smart phone hours, number of daily meals, exercise hour, schedule management and future goal setting. However, residence type, average allowance, average cost of lunch, average cost of entertainment, cohabitation experience, hours of social network service, hours of telephone conversation,commuting time, use of computer, use of computer game, TV watching hour, the number of coffee drinking, the number of alcohol consumption did not show any meaningful differences in happiness for the college students.
Specific factors that measured subjective happiness of college students were gender, year, residence type, average allowance per month, average cost for lunch,average cost of entertainment per month, average cost of leisure per month, appearance satisfaction,conversation hour with their parents, having agirlfriend/boyfriend, sexual experience, cohabitation experience, number of friends, hours of social network service, hours of telephone conversation, satisfaction with major, GPA (Grade Point Average, GPA hereafter), commuting time, study hours per day, time for self-improvement, reading hours, use of smartphone per day, use of computer per day, use of computer games per day, TV watching hours, number of meals per day, exercise hours, number of coffee drinking per day, alcohol consumption per week, schedule management, and future goal setting.
후속연구
However, because of the complex nature of the relationship found between such factors and student’s happiness, further research is necessary to study the mediating effects of each factor for happiness that can eventually help the students feel happier.
Therefore, looking at this complex nature of how happiness is affected,further research is necessary to narrow down and find the specific age factors linked to college student’shappiness.
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