[논문]재한중국유학생의 문화적응환경에서의 건강증진행위와 건강관련 삶의 질

김선정; 최경온

doi:10.5392/jkca.2017.17.08.066

재한중국유학생의 문화적응환경에서의 건강증진행위와 건강관련 삶의 질
Health Promotion Behavior and Health-related Quality of Life by Acculturation Levels among Chinese University Students in Korea 원문보기

한국콘텐츠학회논문지 = The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, v.17 no.8, 2017년, pp.66 - 79

초록
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본 연구는 재한 중국 유학생의 문화적응 상황 하에서 건강증진행위와 건강관련 삶의 질의 관계를 파악해 보고자 하였다. 서울 및 수도권 소재 10개 대학의 학부 및 대학원 석/박사 과정에 속해있는 총 395명의 중국인 유학생들이 문화적응도 및 건강증진행위와, 건강관련 삶의 질 SF-12 도구를 이용한 자가보고식 설문조사에 참여해주었다. 그 결과 문화적응도가 낮은 유학생들은 건강증진행위가 신체적 삶의 질 점수에 크게 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 문화적응도가 높은 경우 건강증진행위가 정신적 삶의 질에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 문화적응도가 건강증진행위와 삶의 질의 관계에서 통제요인으로 작용할 수 있다는 결과이다. 그러므로 재한 중국유학생들의 건강증진행위와 삶의 질을 개선할 수 있는 중재 프로그램을 개발할 경우 문화적응도를 함께 고려하면 프로그램의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 방법을 찾는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study was to identify the relationship between health promoting behaviors and health related quality of life at acculturation environment of Chinese international students in Korea. From November 2010 to December 2011, 395 Chinese international students in undergraduate, masters or doctorate courses from 10 universities and graduate schools in Seoul and vicinity participated in self-report survey of the acculturation level, the health promoting behaviors and SF-12, the health related quality of life. The data of 395 students were classified to 3 groups based on the acculturation level. The low level group showed the health promoting behaviors strongly influence the physical component score of quality of life. As the acculturation level increased, the health promoting behaviors closely affected to the mental health-related quality of life. The results indicated that the acculturation level may be control variable to define the relationship between the health promoting behaviors and the health-related quality of life.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

표 Table 1. General Characteristics n=395
그림 Fig. 1. Acculturation level subgroups.
표 Table 2. The Differences of the Research Variables by Demographic Variables
표 Table 3. Pearson Correlation Coefficients of the Research Variables
표 Table 4. The Relationship between health promoting behaviors and Quality of Life by Acculturation Level
표 Table 5. Multiple regression coefficients of Physical Component Score by Acculturation level subgroups
표 Table 6. Multiple regression coefficients of Mental Component Score by Acculturation level subgroups

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문제 정의

The goal of the study is to understand the relationship, under the conditions of the acculturation, between the health promoting behaviors and health-related quality of life through self-reporting questionnaires.
At the World Health Organization(WHO), the quality of life is defined as “the perception by individuals of their position in life, in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns”[3]. The perspective is focused on putting the quality of life in the cultural, societal and environmental backgrounds.
To understand the acculturation, the health promoting behaviors and the quality of life of the Chinese international students in Korea and to examine the relationship between the health promoting behaviors and the quality of life by the acculturation level, this study was conducted to provide the preliminary base to develop nursing interventions for the health promoting behaviors and the quality of life of Chinese international students in the future.

제안 방법

By comparing the frequencies of each of the levels based on the level of the acculturation of the participants, the participants were divided into 3 groups based on notable differences: low-level group, mid-level group and high-level group[Fig. 1]. By groups, the presence of statistical significance in the differences between the health promoting behaviors and the health-related quality of life(physical and mental) were determined and the relationships among the variables were verified through Pearson correlation analysis.
By understanding how the health promoting behaviors and health-related quality of life differ under the circumstance of acculturation of Chinese international students in Korea and by analyzing whether the relationship between health promoting behaviors and quality of life varies, this study was attempted to provide the basic materials needed for the nursing interventions for raising health promoting behaviors and health-related quality of life.
To collect the data, we introduced ourselves to and solicited cooperation directly from the representatives of the student associations of Chinese international students in 10 universities in the metropolitan areas of Seoul. For data collection, self-reporting questionnaires written in both the Korean and Chinese languages were used, and, first, the researcher of this study and the student association representatives, who assisted the study, of the Chinese international students in Korea at each of the universities explained to the participants, who are of Chinese nationality, the purpose of this study and the guarantee for confidentiality and obtained written consents for participation in the study, and afterwards the participants completed the questionnaire in a form of self-reporting in accordance with instructions to fill out the questionnaire. The total time taken in answering the questionnaire was approximately 60 minutes.
In order to measure the health-related quality of life, the SF-12(Short Form of SF-36), whose reliability and validity were verified in the study by Ware, Kosinski and Keller[12] was used. It is a questionnaire comprised of 12 questions that are separated into 2 areas of physical health(PCS: Physical Component Score) and mental health(MCS: Mental Component Score). An approval for the use of the tools was attained from Quality Metric Incorporated, and the collected materials were converted into scores via the Quality Metric Health Outcomes Scoring Software 4.

대상 데이터

The subjects of this study are international students in Korea come from China(excluding students from China who are of Korean ethnicity and ancestry) and enrolled in formal academic degree programs of bachelor’s, master’s or Ph. D. programs at undergraduate and graduate schools in Korea and having lived in Korea for more than 6 months.
The data were collected from November 2010 to December 2011. To collect the data, we introduced ourselves to and solicited cooperation directly from the representatives of the student associations of Chinese international students in 10 universities in the metropolitan areas of Seoul. For data collection, self-reporting questionnaires written in both the Korean and Chinese languages were used, and, first, the researcher of this study and the student association representatives, who assisted the study, of the Chinese international students in Korea at each of the universities explained to the participants, who are of Chinese nationality, the purpose of this study and the guarantee for confidentiality and obtained written consents for participation in the study, and afterwards the participants completed the questionnaire in a form of self-reporting in accordance with instructions to fill out the questionnaire.
All of these process steps were carried only after receiving deliberations from the Institutional Review Board(IRB) of the research institution for the protection of the study participants(Yonsei University Medical Center; approval number: 2010-1023). Total of 420 questionnaires were handed out and the 401 questionnaires were collected, and of these 6 were excluded for their seemingly insincere responses, whereby making the total of 395 questionnaires to be processed.

데이터처리

20 for Windows. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis for the participants and the research variables were conducted and, in order to understand the effects of the demographic variables on the research variables, t-tests and ANOVA were conducted for the nominal demographic variables(gender, degree program, health insurance coverage status, etc.) and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for continuous demographic variables(age and the length of stay).
To confirm the differences among the main research variables of each of the groups, a one-way ANOVA test was conducted. As a result, the differences among the groups were statistically verified to be present in the variables of the acculturation level(F=370.

이론/모형

programs at undergraduate and graduate schools in Korea and having lived in Korea for more than 6 months. In consideration for the ease of access, this study was carried out by using a non-probabilistic sampling method of random sampling method and snowball sampling method.
85. In order to measure the health-related quality of life, the SF-12(Short Form of SF-36), whose reliability and validity were verified in the study by Ware, Kosinski and Keller[12] was used. It is a questionnaire comprised of 12 questions that are separated into 2 areas of physical health(PCS: Physical Component Score) and mental health(MCS: Mental Component Score).

성능/효과

In conclusion, in the mid-level acculturation group, whereas the health promoting behaviors showed no notable relationship with the improvement of physical health-related quality of life, for the improvement of mental health-related quality of life, the group showed a statistically significant relationship. In contrast, in the low-level acculturation group, even though the health promoting behaviors directly related with the improvement of physical health-related quality of life, it showed no statistically significant relationship with the mental health-related quality of life.
In other words, acculturation stress experienced by students studying abroad is deemed to influence the quality of life of Chinese international students. Other than these, as well, among the general characteristics of the participants of this study, the PCS showed significant differences in the school degree program and age; and the gender, length of stay and the status of enrolment in health insurance were seen to be significant in the PCS. This is consistent with a previous study[22] that reported that gender showed significant differences in the quality of life of college students.
The Pearson Correlation analysis among the research variables showed the higher the acculturation level, the higher the health promoting behaviors(R2=.19, p<.001), and the higher the health promoting behaviors, the higher the MCS(R2=.11, p=.036)[Table 3].
The regression analysis shows the PCS is influenced by the age and the MCS is done by the health promoting behaviors but both coefficients of determination are still less than 5%.
The result of our study showed that, in accordance with the acculturation level of Chinese international students, the relationship between health promoting behaviors and quality of life changes. In the low-level acculturation group, the regression model of the PCS showed the health promoting behaviors was the main predictor of the physical health-related quality of life but irrelevant with the mental health-related quality of life.

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