The present study was performed to evaluate the hangover relieving effect of germinated buckwheat (GB) and Sanghwang mushroom mycelium cultured in GB (SGB). Both GB and SGB showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and significantly increased (p < 0.001) aldehyde dehydrogena...
The present study was performed to evaluate the hangover relieving effect of germinated buckwheat (GB) and Sanghwang mushroom mycelium cultured in GB (SGB). Both GB and SGB showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and significantly increased (p < 0.001) aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities; up to 140% increase at concentrations of $16{\mu}L/mL$. Locomotor activity test results from alcohol-SGB and alcohol-GB groups showed improved motor activities over that of the alcohol-water group at 90 min post-administration. Both alcohol-GB and alcohol-SGB groups had significantly reduced (p < 0.001) alcohol ($40.02{\pm}33.38{\mu}g/mL$, $66.01{\pm}22.04{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) and aldehyde ($5.72{\pm}0.47{\mu}g/mL$, $6.72{\pm}1.70{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) concentrations in blood compared to those in the alcohol-water group ($199.75{\pm}33.83{\mu}g/mL$, $50.43{\pm}13.88{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) at 90 min post-administration. Based on cDNA microarray analysis, expressions of ALDH genes ALDH1a7 and ALDH18a1 and cytochrome P450 (CY450) gene CYP4a30b were upregulated in the alcohol-GB and alcohol-SGB groups compared to levels in the control group. Overall, the results suggest that both GB and SGB have hangover relieving effects by reducing blood acetaldehyde levels. The molecular mechanisms may involve ALDH activation and upregulated expression of alcohol metabolism-related genes such as ALDH and CYP450.
The present study was performed to evaluate the hangover relieving effect of germinated buckwheat (GB) and Sanghwang mushroom mycelium cultured in GB (SGB). Both GB and SGB showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and significantly increased (p < 0.001) aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities; up to 140% increase at concentrations of $16{\mu}L/mL$. Locomotor activity test results from alcohol-SGB and alcohol-GB groups showed improved motor activities over that of the alcohol-water group at 90 min post-administration. Both alcohol-GB and alcohol-SGB groups had significantly reduced (p < 0.001) alcohol ($40.02{\pm}33.38{\mu}g/mL$, $66.01{\pm}22.04{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) and aldehyde ($5.72{\pm}0.47{\mu}g/mL$, $6.72{\pm}1.70{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) concentrations in blood compared to those in the alcohol-water group ($199.75{\pm}33.83{\mu}g/mL$, $50.43{\pm}13.88{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) at 90 min post-administration. Based on cDNA microarray analysis, expressions of ALDH genes ALDH1a7 and ALDH18a1 and cytochrome P450 (CY450) gene CYP4a30b were upregulated in the alcohol-GB and alcohol-SGB groups compared to levels in the control group. Overall, the results suggest that both GB and SGB have hangover relieving effects by reducing blood acetaldehyde levels. The molecular mechanisms may involve ALDH activation and upregulated expression of alcohol metabolism-related genes such as ALDH and CYP450.
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제안 방법
DPPH radical scavenging activities were measured to observe the antioxidant activities of GB and SGB. The dose response curves of the DPPH radical scavenging activities of GB and SGB were compared over a range from 2 to 120 µL/ mL.
In this study we evaluated the hangover-relieving effects of GB and SGB. Both GB and SGB showed DPPH radical scavenging activities, and showed significantly increased ALDH activities in vitro.
In addition, germinated buckwheat (GB) has been reported for its antioxidant effect [8], anti-hypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic effects [21]. In this study, hangover relieving effects of GB and Sanghwang mushroom mycelium cultivated on GB (SGB) were evaluated through ADH and ALDH activity test, locomotor activity test, blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentration measurements of mice pre-treated with alcohol. In addition, the differential gene expression patterns in mice liver were analyzed through cDNA microarray analysis to observe the effects of GB or SGB on gene expression related to alcohol metabolism.
Alcohol concentrations in the blood of mice administered with GB and SGB. Mice were divided into four groups (10 mice each) and three groups were administered with water (4 mL/kg), GB or SGB at 30 min after alcohol (2 mL/kg) treatment. Control group was administered with water at 30 min after pre-administration of water.
Traveled (ambulatory) distances were measured using a locomotor activity cage with 43 cm square and 30 cm height walls. Mice were divided into four groups (10 mice each) and three groups were administered with water, GB or SGB at 30 min after ethanol (2 mL/kg) treatment. Control group was administered with water at 30 min after pre-administration of water.
The antioxidant activities of GB and SGB extracts were determined by measuring the DPPH free radical scavenging ability of GB and SGB extracts. GB or SGB extracts were dissolved in DMSO separately to make a concentration series (final concentration 0, 2, 10, 40 80, 120 µg/mL).
The hybridized images were scanned using Agilent’s DNA microarray scanner and quantified with Feature Extraction Software (Agilent Technology).
The locomotor activity cage (Ugo Basile, Italy) was used to observe the activity of mice. The mice were divided into four groups (10 mice each group), and the three groups were treated with water, GB or SGB (4 mL/kg) 30 minutes after alcohol (2 mL/kg) treatment. The control group was shamtreated with water at 30 minutes following initial administration of water.
데이터처리
The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Dunnett’s test (SPSS 12.0; SPSS, USA) were used to evaluate differences between groups.
이론/모형
The hybridized microarrays were washed as the manufacturer’s washing protocol (Agilent Technology).
성능/효과
In the present study, maximal antioxidant activity of GB and SGB was observed at 30% and 20% respectively, which are lower than previous observations [13, 31]. The results indicate that the extract of Sanghwang mushroom mycelium which was cultivated on germinated buckwheat has a lower DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to the extracts from either Sanghwang mushroom or Sanghwang mushroom mycelium which was cultivated on different media.
후속연구
Overall, the results suggest that both GB and SGB have hangover-relieving effects by reducing acetaldehyde levels in the blood through not only activating ALDH but also up-regulating the expression of the genes associated with alcohol metabolism including ALDH and CYP450. Even though both GB and SGB have hangover-relieving effects for mice, further studies are needed to extrapolate the effectiveness of this topical application to hangover-relieving for human.
The results indicate that the media, germinated buckwheat, might affect to a lower locomotor activity of mice at earlier stage of hangover. Further studies are necessary to evaluate this phenomenon.
In addition, ALDH3a1, which catalyzes the NAD(P)+-dependent oxidation of aromatic and medium chain aldehydes [17], was down-regulated by GB or SGB. Further study is necessary to investigate the role of these subfamilies in alcohol metabolism.
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