Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice원문보기
It has been suggested that ginseng is beneficial for ameliorating the aging males' symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression, in elderly men with testosterone deficiency. We thus investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) ...
It has been suggested that ginseng is beneficial for ameliorating the aging males' symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression, in elderly men with testosterone deficiency. We thus investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) on obesity in a mouse model of testosterone deficiency (castrated C57BL/6J mice). The effects of ginseng extract (GE) and/or testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed castrated C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. After feeding mice a HFD for 8 weeks, we found that mice also receiving GE and/or testosterone showed decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with untreated HFD-fed mice. Expression of adipogenic genes ($PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and aP2) was decreased by GE and/or testosterone in adipose tissues. Consistent with the in vivo data, lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were decreased by GE, ginsenosides, and testosterone. The inhibitory effects of GE (or ginsenosides) were comparable to those of testosterone, and the effects of co-treatment with GE (or ginsenosides) and testosterone were greater than those of testosterone alone in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that ginseng may be able to potentiate the inhibitory effects of testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in HFD-fed castrated mice, providing possible therapeutic implications in men with testosterone deficiency.
It has been suggested that ginseng is beneficial for ameliorating the aging males' symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression, in elderly men with testosterone deficiency. We thus investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae) on obesity in a mouse model of testosterone deficiency (castrated C57BL/6J mice). The effects of ginseng extract (GE) and/or testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed castrated C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. After feeding mice a HFD for 8 weeks, we found that mice also receiving GE and/or testosterone showed decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with untreated HFD-fed mice. Expression of adipogenic genes ($PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and aP2) was decreased by GE and/or testosterone in adipose tissues. Consistent with the in vivo data, lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were decreased by GE, ginsenosides, and testosterone. The inhibitory effects of GE (or ginsenosides) were comparable to those of testosterone, and the effects of co-treatment with GE (or ginsenosides) and testosterone were greater than those of testosterone alone in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that ginseng may be able to potentiate the inhibitory effects of testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in HFD-fed castrated mice, providing possible therapeutic implications in men with testosterone deficiency.
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가설 설정
, 1999). Based on their ability to decrease body weight and adipocyte size, we hypothesized that GE and testosterone regulate the expression of adipogenesis-associated genes. Our results showed that GE and testosterone negatively regulate the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and aP2 in the adipose tissue of castrated mice, and co-administration of GE and testosterone further decreased adipogenic gene expression compared with testosterone alone.
, 2013). These results support our hypothesis that decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size following GE and testo sterone treatments are due to the downregulation of adipogenesis genes.
, 2016), indicating the testosterone-enhancing effects of ginseng. Thus, we hypothesized that Korean red ginseng is able to induce weight loss and regulate obesity in castrated male mice, an animal model of men with testosterone deficiency, by regulating the expression of adipogenesis-related genes.
제안 방법
In this study, we examined the effects of Korean red ginseng extract (GE) and/or testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed castrated C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings suggest that ginseng can enhance the actions of testosterone on obesity and adipogenesis in testosterone deficiency.
대상 데이터
For all experiments, 8-week-old male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were housed and bred at Mokwon University with a standard 12-h light/dark cycle. Prior to the administration of a special diet, the mice were given standard rodent chow and water ad libitum.
The GE was prepared from 6-year-old Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Korea Ginseng Corporation, Seoul, Korea). A voucher specimen was deposited at the laboratory of Korea Ginseng Corporation and the batch number of ginseng used in our study is 6510100112048.
성능/효과
Cotreatment with GE and testosterone (1,695 ± 78 μm2) further decreased the mean adipocyte size by 53% compared with that of HFD-fed mice receiving testosterone only (P<0.05).
In conclusion, the results of our study show that ginseng and testosterone can prevent obesity and adipogenesis in HFD-fed male castrated mice and suggest that these processes are mediated in part by the inhibition of adipogenesis gene expression. The inhibitory effects of GE (and ginsenosides) on obesity were comparable to those of testosterone.
Our results showed that GE and testosterone negatively regulate the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and aP2 in the adipose tissue of castrated mice, and co-administration of GE and testosterone further decreased adipogenic gene expression compared with testosterone alone.
In our study, we found that adipocytes were smaller in GE- or testosterone-treated HFD-fed mice than in untreated HFD-fed mice, and co-treatment with GE and testosterone further decreased adipocyte size compared with testosterone treatment alone. These results indicate that GE and testosterone effectively inhibit adipocyte hypertrophy in HFDfed castrated mice and that GE potentiates the ability of testosterone to inhibit adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipocyte hypertrophy is closely related to metabolic syndromes, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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