[논문]Cytohistological study of the leaf structures of Panax ginseng Meyer and Panax quinquefolius L.

Lee, Ok Ran; Nguyen, Ngoc Quy; Lee, Kwang Ho; Kim, Young Chang; Seo, Jiho

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.001

Cytohistological study of the leaf structures of Panax ginseng Meyer and Panax quinquefolius L. 원문보기

Journal of ginseng research = 高麗人參學會誌, v.41 no.4, 2017년, pp.463 - 468

Lee, Ok Ran (Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) , Nguyen, Ngoc Quy (Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) , Lee, Kwang Ho (Department of Wood Science and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) , Kim, Young Chang (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) , Seo, Jiho (Research and Development Headquarters, Korea Ginseng Corp)

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Background: Both Panax ginseng Meyer and Panax quinquefolius are obligate shade-loving plants whose natural habitats are broadleaved forests of Eastern Asia and North America. Panax species are easily damaged by photoinhibition when they are exposed to high temperatures or insufficient shade. In this study, a cytohistological study of the leaf structures of two of the most well-known Panax species was performed to better understand the physiological processes that limit photosynthesis. Methods: Leaves of ginseng plants grown in soil and hydroponic culture were sectioned for analysis. Leaf structures of both Panax species were observed using a light microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Results: The mesostructure of both P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius frequently had one layer of non-cylindrical palisade cells and three or four layers of spongy parenchymal cells. P. quinquefolius contained a similar number of stomata in the abaxial leaf surface but more tightly appressed enlarged grana stacks than P. ginseng contained. The adaxial surface of the epidermis in P. quinquefolius showed cuticle ridges with a pattern similar to that of P. ginseng. Conclusion: The anatomical leaf structure of both P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius shows that they are typical shade-loving sciophytes. Slight differences in chloroplast structure suggests that the two different species can be authenticated using transmission electron microscopy images, and light-resistant cultivar breeding can be performed via controlling photosynthesis efficiency.

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2) containing 1% OsO₄. After dehydrating the samples with a series of alcohols (30% for 40 min, 50% for 40 min, 70% for 40 min, 80% for 40 min, 90% for 40 min, and 100% for 40 min twice), the samples were dried with a HCP-2 critical point dryer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), coated with gold in an Emitec K550 ion sputter, and observed using a scanning electron microscope (S-2400; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
K-1 was recently registered as a high saponin producer and a high-yielding cultivar [21]. For detailed cytohistological observations on each ginseng species, P. ginseng cultivars and P. quinquefolius were grown in Suwon, Korea, under the same environmental conditions, and the leaf tips were analyzed (Fig. 2A).

성능/효과

Chloroplast and magnified thylakoid membrane structures. (A) Chloroplast morphology of three Panax ginseng cultivars and Panax quinquefolius is different. Bar, 5 mm.
kr). Among nine cultivars, leaves of several superior P. ginseng cultivars, Yunpoong for a high-yielding variety from the Jakyung line, Chunpoong for red-ginseng manufacture from the Chungkyung line, and Gumpoong for disease resistance from the Hwangsook line were cytohistologically compared with the leaves of P. quinquefolius. As an obligate shade-loving plant, ginseng needs to be grown under an artificial cloth or under densely shaded forests.
A physiological process that might limit photosynthesis was shown to be the result of smaller quantum yield of oxygen evolution in intact leaves of ginseng than in that of pea and spinach [16]. In this study, to investigate the differences between P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, several morphological characteristics such as surface structure of the cuticle layer, number of stomata, and appressed versus nonappressed thylakoids were observed.

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